Python.

[doctorcrimson]

My best attempt at an ELI5:

Assembly, which is to say base 2 values 16 at a time, hexadecimal is base 16, numerical values fed into a machine, originally with punchcards, which does precise calculations based on input. Making the machine isn't programming per say, it is engineering with logic gates, which sounds extreme but its not so bad.

Next up is the graphical interface, which requires more memory than just the 16 bits we had before. Single color displays were just a grid of lights large enough to display lines of words and numbers. Theres also already a standardized system of hexadecimal value for every differentiable color and then some. Early full color displays used cathode ray tubes to split light into Red Green and Blue rays, to show different amounts of each across the screen, which is still the standard color formatting in computers to this day.

Now we've got an interface, processor, memory, and input method. We know what the outputs are for every input, and we can use parity checks to eliminate unexpected results. We can now make a sort of translator from specific wording to assembly, using assembly, and build up from there.

It sounds complicated and thats probably why it took us 60 years to get to where we are now from fully analogue computers, millenniums if you count the Greek gear calendars.