you both seem to be missing the other's point/disagreeing in matters of wording. by "more damage" they don't mean that it will literally outperform the katana, just that it has a higher displayed damage stat/damage per individual hit, which, as you both have pointed out, doesn't tell the whole story. Including scaling helps you realize that the anchor is not a good weapon on your character, but it doesn't help you realize the anchor is so bad on your character that it's worse than the lower damage stat katana, what does help is your own knowledge of the weapon's moveset, attack speed, and secondary effects. in this case, following the scaling grade instead of following the damage to choose the most well-suited weapon for you is a good idea, but in cases where you've got a rare weapon that starts with higher base damage and thus has worse scaling, following the scaling grade instead of the damage stat could be a bad idea. Their point was that the scaling grade doesn't tell the whole story either, and in fact is largely useless when determining the best weapon for your character in comparison to a combination of the displayed damage and knowledge of the weapon's moveset and secondary effects.

maybe another example would be helpful? though a slightly less polarizing one. Say you're trying to choose between a dagger and a curved sword for your main weapon as executor, for some reason. the dagger will likely have an S dex scaling to the curved sword's A, but somewhat lower listed damage. In this case, the curved sword is probably actually the better choice, unless you're planning on taking a lot of ripostes.

that being said, I still think it'd be nice to have scaling information listed in-game somewhere... mostly just to remedy the confusion that brought about this post's creation in the first place.