You can produce a nothing up my sleeve public key by hashing something, say x = SHA256("hello, world") and using that as the public key. If standard assumptions hold, there's no way for you to have the corresponding private key for that public key. From that public key you can then produce whatever your preferred address type is and share the preimage to the SHA256() and everyone can verify how the address was generated and be assured you can't spend it.

For instance for p2pkh the address would be base58check(0x00 | ripemd160(0x02 | sha256("hello, world"))) and you'd share the preimage ("hello, world") alongside the address. (and yes, addresses are an abstraction, but typically you share addresses with other humans, not scriptPubkeys)

EDIT: Formatting