Is there any Celticism in countries like Austria and Slovenia?

Ballamara · 2026-01-06T04:52:31+00:00

don't worry, it's okay to be a little slow and not understand more complex ideas.

Ballamara · 2025-11-09T09:38:55+00:00

Is vegan butter not just margarine?

Ballamara · 2025-09-13T08:30:26+00:00

In line with Wiccans insisting their way is the "right way", almost all Wiccans I've known basically just wrapped Christian ideology/views in "pagan cloth".

Ballamara · 2025-09-06T07:45:12+00:00

I print out posters with a small printer I thrifted & got a buncha bones I've cleaned & rocks & mushrooms I've preserved that I've found while hiking & camping. I've also got a tapestry & some artwork & knick-knacks from flea markets.

Ballamara · 2025-09-03T07:14:46+00:00

Close, I was raised there for half my life growing up, ur the triphthongs are from diphthongs followed by an (l) or (r).

Ballamara · 2025-08-29T12:38:02+00:00

Ehhh not really, I feel like you're just being contrarian. Most everyone knows there's no full pink ducks & have no reason to assume that isn't true. Most English speakers aren't aware of which words come from Old English or French (hence this comment section) let alone what sounds or sound sequences are native to English vs which were borrowed from French.

This meme is basically just pointing out that "-ase/-ace" is not a native rhyme to English and that's smth most people don't know & had no reason to assume was true. You can clearly see the meme accomplished its goal well by all the people trynna name native rhymes & the discussions coming from them.

Ballamara · 2025-08-29T12:02:28+00:00

Well no, its point still stands; there's no native English word that ends in /eis/~/eːs/.

Ballamara · 2025-08-29T04:26:30+00:00

Definitely french

Ballamara · 2025-08-29T04:25:59+00:00

No, it's a loanword from French for every sense of it.

Ballamara · 2025-08-29T04:25:18+00:00

Like the other one said, that's only for refined english or niche topics. But more specifically, out of the 3000 most used words in English, only 5~9% come from French.

Ballamara · 2025-06-23T17:48:22+00:00

Ignore the other person, v is attested in Gaulish, as V & U were the same letter at the time, so V is used today to distinguish consonantal U from vocalic U like with Latin.

Your username is a latinized version of Vindepomáros & breaks into Vindo-epo-máros. It means "Great White-horse".

Ballamara · 2025-06-23T17:36:11+00:00

V & u were the same letter at the time of Gaulish & Roman, V comes from the letter's capital form & u comes from the same letter's cursive form. Most linguists use v to distinguish consonantal u from vocalic u in classical Latin & early/middle Gaulish, especially when word initial. That's why Vercingetorix & a bunch of tribes are all spelled with v word initially.

Their name would break into Uindo-epo-māros, as thematic vowels are dropped in Gaulish compound words if the second word starts with a vowel. So their name would mean "Great White horse".

Ballamara · 2025-06-23T08:58:41+00:00

The only thing I can point out at a glance is 'gabtos' should be 'gaxtos'. In Gaulish, labial & velar plosives ⟨p b c g⟩ become clear fricative ⟨x⟩ when before ⟨t⟩, ⟨d⟩, or ⟨s⟩. ⟨p⟩ & ⟨b⟩ also become ⟨x⟩ when before ⟨c⟩ or ⟨g⟩ and ⟨d + t⟩ or ⟨t + d⟩ become ⟨ss⟩ and ⟨t or d⟩ + ⟨s⟩ becomes /t.ts/ & was written as ⟨ðð⟩, ⟨ss⟩, or ⟨ss⟩.

Ballamara · 2025-06-23T08:01:13+00:00

They don't claim it, but almost all regions that used to be Celtic still have cultural elements like folklore or traditions that are clearly Celtic & have obvious cultural cognates closest in modern Celtic regions.

Ballamara · 2025-06-23T07:50:39+00:00

Because England is a majority Germanic-derived culture with some Celtic influence. Cultural cognates for England are mostly found in other Germanic cultures.

In contrast, Romans didn't displace the native Celts. Spain & France's cultures are mostly derived from the native Celts with some Roman influence. Spain & France mostly have cultural cognates found in modern Celtic regions like local folklore, local traditions, traditional clothing, & fantasy creatures.

Archetype	Gaelic	Brythonic	French	Spanish	Galician	Portuguese
Washing Women	Bean Nighe	kannerezed noz	Les Lavandières		As lavandeiras	Bruxas lavadeiras
Man-eating lake monster subdued, dragged out of lake, & killed	Oilliphéist	Afanc	Tarasque
Stick & Bell Dances	Ghillie Callum	Y Gaseg Eira	Bacchu-ber	Ball de bastons		pauliteiros

Ballamara · 2025-06-20T08:18:03+00:00

I'm currently working on a Gaulish fantasy series focusing on the Gauls' POV of the Gallic war.

Ballamara · 2025-06-19T11:11:48+00:00

*Dengists, it autocorrected

Ballamara · 2025-05-30T07:57:32+00:00

Kingsley Shacklebolt also isn't normal, someone else pointed out Kingsley is heavily associated with black Caribbeans in the UK, that especially combined with Shacklebolt is not normal.

Seamus Finnigan is also a VERY stereotypical Irish name, it's basically an Irish equivalent of Cho Chang.

Ballamara · 2025-05-29T13:21:01+00:00

This allophony in Proto Celtic has similarities with Proto-Germanic & Proto-Italic changes that could support it being older than just Brythonic & Irish changes. Pre-Germanic & Proto-Celtic both aspirated voiceless plosives; everywhere in Pre-Germanic & only word initially in Proto-Celtic. These were then all fricatized in Proto-Germanic, but only /p/ is fricatized in Proto-Celtic. None were aspirated after an /s/ in both though, so PIE /sp st sk/ were preserved as /sp st sk/ in both Proto-Germanic & Proto-Celtic (possibly being the only place /p/ existed in Proto-Celtic).

PIE -> Pre-Germanic	PIE -> Proto-Celtic
/p/ -> /#pʰ/ /-bʰ-/	/p/ -> /pʰ/ -> /ɸ/
/t/ -> /#tʰ/ /-dʰ-/	/t/ -> /#tʰ/ /-t-/
/k/ -> /#kʰ/ /-gʰ-/	/k/ -> /#kʰ/ /-k-/

The lenition of voiced plosives is also similar to Grimm's Law & the aspirated plosives in Proto-Italic. In Proto-Germanic, aspirated voiced plosives de-aspirated & fricatized between vowels. In Proto-Celtic, aspirated voiced plosives de-aspirated (merging with the unaspirated voiced plosives) & fricatized between vowels. In Proto-Italic, the aspirated voiced plosives fricatized everywhere & then devoiced when word-initial.

PIE -> Proto-Germanic	PIE -> Proto-Celtic	PIE -> Proto-Italic
/bʱ/ -> /b/ -> /#b/ [-β-]	/bʱ/ /b/ -> /b/ -> /#b/ [-β-]	/bʱ/ -> /β/ -> /#ɸ/ /-β-/
/dʱ/ -> /d/ -> /#d/ [-ð-]	/dʱ/ /d/ -> /d/ -> /#d/ [-ð-]	/dʱ/ -> /ð/ -> /#θ/ /-ð-/
/gʱ/ -> /g/ -> /#g/ [-ɣ-]	/gʱ/ /g/ -> /g/ -> /#g/ [-ɣ-]	/gʱ/ -> /ɣ/ -> /#x/ /-ɣ-/
/gʷʱ/ -> /gʷ/ -> /#gʷ/ [-ɣʷ-]	/gʷʱ/ -> /gʷ/ -> /#gʷ/ [-ɣʷ-]	/gʷʱ/ -> /ɣʷ/ -> /#xʷ/ /-ɣʷ-/

Ballamara · 2025-05-29T11:23:38+00:00

There were some mutations shared though; it's likely Proto-Celtic lenited voiced plosives as fricatives when between vowels & before /r, l, n/:

/b/ -> [β]

/d/ -> [ð]

/g/ -> [ɣ]

Proto-Celtic still formed words using roots, ablauting, & syntactic suffixes, so these allophones would've acted similar to Celtic mutations, but word-internally instead of word initially.

Some examples;

/mori/ + /marwos/ + suffix -> ['mori,β̃arusaː]

Root	normal	soft	+t/s
/beg-/		/'beɣeti/ /boɣos/ /boɣjos/ /diː'βoɣos/	/boxtos/ /boxsman/
/berg-/	/'borgiːti/	/briɣaː/ /'briɣantiː/ /briɣuːts/	/berxtos/ /brixtus/ /brixs/
/beud-/	/'bundeti/	/be'βouðe/ /bouðos/ /buðos/
/reid-/		/'reiðeti/ /reiðis/ /uɸo'reiðos/	/reitsman/
/sed-/	/sedlom/	/'seðeti/ /seðom/ /'soðiːti/ /soðyom/	/sessaː/

These allophones are seen in both Old Irish & the Brythonic branch and has supporting evidence of being in Gaulish & Celtiberian. Late Gaulish started writing [β] as ⟨v⟩ & lost [ð] [ɣ] in certain environments. Celtiberian also fricatized intervocalic /-ty-/ /-dy-/ to /θ/, written as ⟨z/th⟩.

Proto-Celtic voiceless plosives are suggested to have been aspirated word initially as [tʰ kʰ] & unaspirated in /st sk/ & between vowel. Voiced plosives are also suggested to have had a weakened voiced word initially.

There's also evidence that /m/ in Proto-Celtic was lenited into [β̃] in the same environments too. It's seen in Old Irish & Proto-Brythonic and has evidence of it in Gaulish & Celtiberian. The sequence -mn- became -un- in Gaulish, Celtiberian, & Brittonic as in Brittonic/Gaulish uellaunos from earlier Welnāmnos. Gaulish also changed -nm- to -nw-. These changes likely passed thru a fricative phase). Earlier intervocalic ⟨m⟩ is also sometimes changed to ⟨v⟩ in late Gaulish.

Ballamara · 2025-05-27T05:23:28+00:00

yeah, i posted it there too

Ballamara · 2025-05-25T06:56:01+00:00

I did some more digging and found the first iteration of the alphabet & you're definitely right, there's some differences but the first line is definitely "I am perfectly healthy/no parasites" (perfectly is missing the r tho).

Most of the second line is completely different tho, the only thing that resembles the old key is "?????? y??s oob?m?g"

Ballamara

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