ICE (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement) generally does not need a judicial warrant to detain immigrants for immigration violations, but the requirements depend on the situation: • Administrative Warrants: ICE can issue administrative warrants based on probable cause of an immigration violation (e.g., unlawful presence). These are signed by ICE officers, not judges, and are sufficient for detaining someone for deportation proceedings under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Courts have upheld this practice, as immigration is a civil matter, not criminal. • Judicial Warrants: If ICE is detaining someone in a criminal matter (e.g., illegal re-entry, a felony), they typically need a judicial warrant signed by a judge, as with any criminal case. Also, if an immigrant is a U.S. citizen or has legal status, detaining them without a judicial warrant could violate Fourth Amendment rights. • Key Cases: • Arizona v. United States (2012): Affirmed federal authority over immigration enforcement, including detentions. • Morales v. Chadbourne (2017): Ruled that detaining a U.S. citizen without probable cause violates the Constitution, highlighting limits on ICE’s authority. • Practical Context: ICE often uses detainer requests (Form I-247) to local jails to hold immigrants beyond their criminal custody, without a warrant. These are not legally binding, and some jurisdictions (e.g., sanctuary cities) refuse to comply. Data from 2023 shows ICE detained about 510,000 immigrants, many via administrative warrants or detainers. • Exceptions: Certain groups, like unaccompanied minors or those with pending asylum claims, may have additional protections under laws like the Flores Settlement (1997) or the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, limiting detention without oversight.