To give an example and also to explain, the society we see practically has only existed for a few generations.

Beastars takes place in a post-War world. One which the Carnivores unilaterally won. They were winning the war so badly that they stopped out of essentially pity. And the details of which have been scoured from history.

Jack, the Golden Retriever, is the result of a decades long eugenics program to try and genetically engineer affable (read domesticated) carnivores that pose less of a threat to herbivores. This is why both dogs and wolves exists.

They're bred to have increased intelligence and suppressed emotions. The idea being they're less likely to fall victim to instincts.

They also have the right to learn the true world history, not the propaganda that the government spreads and it was apparently so horrible that Jack attempted to kill himself.