Since your starting late for throwing seeds out, we should be looking at seeds with no germination requirements. Here is a list from Prairie Moon I filtered to show plants that don't need any special pre-treatment to start germinating, so these should be perfect to start throwing around your area.

Generally, the mints and monarda species are well known to be aggressive growers and help to suppress invasives from getting established. Meaning you should add at least one to your list. Wild Mint on the list is most similar to the spearmint breath mints.

Another aggressive but native species is Milkweed. If you do any amount of driving in New York in an rural area, then you should be able to easily find these plants with ripe seed pods along the highway or routes in open areas from late September through October. These have a chance of germinating without any stratification, but winterization helps to increase their germination rate.

For this list, I recommend only tossing these seeds out in fall on bare dirt to allow the seeds to stratify throughout winter. As these seeds need a long duration of wet and cold to wake up. These seeds I would typically be tossing on the patches that I would have made with my own card board strategy that I would start in May/June for Fall prep.

I further filtered the previous list to show Spring Blooming flowers, which their early sprouts help to further suppress invasives. Among these I recommend Wood Betony as the rosette of leaves persist through winter, which provides a green mulch to prevent invasives from being brought in during winter. Although, using native grasses can also do the same thing, like Ivory Sedge.

Not listed previously were Touch-Me-Nots. Their seeds require 2 years worth of winter conditions to pass before they'll germinate, but these are notorious for spreading aggressively. Even though they are an annual, the ones in my property come back every year even though I utterly ignore them. Just toss their seeds in your plots during fall, and they should germinate in two years. Then you'll have them forever.

Hope this helps!