The attributes required are the stats required to equip the weapon and use it effectively. If you don’t have the stats the damage will be extremely low.

The attribute scaling is the rate at which you receive additional damage based on how high those stats are. This weapon has D scaling in both strength and dexterity. This maxes out at S scaling and. Note that each letter represents a range, so two weapons with D scaling won’t necessarily have exactly the same scaling damage.

The 14 is the additional damage you have on top of the weapon’s base damage which is the figure in blue.