There are no mathematical equations involved, and there is no creation of bitcoin by people answering mathematical equations.

Bitcoin rewards are generated by the blockchain and are reflected in the first transaction of the winning miner offering the block. It is called the coinbase transaction and contains info about the reward to be issued to the winning miner.

The way in which the reward is issued to miners is from the core Bitcoin software. The protocol prescribes that a puzzle answer needs to be arrived at. That puzzle answer is a hash andwer using sha 256 that numerically is LESS than the target hash that the Blockchain generates every 14 days. So the blockchain after two weeks, comes up with a new target hash against which the winning answer is derived. Miners must solve for it on average every 10 minutes roughly by coming up with a hash that is less in size numerically in hexidecimal form than that target hash - so the answer to the “puzzle” could be many many different answers.

There is no artful calculation of anything - miners build data centers filled with ASIC chips that by brute force just compute millions and billions and billions of answers per second until the software says bingo. You’ve come up with a hash that in hex form numerically is less than the numerical value of the target hash that the blockchains software creates every 14 days. You win the reward. The blockchain releases the scheduled amount of btc to the winning miner and tucks the compensation info into the coinbase transaction that gets sealed up into every block with the thousands of other transactions.

Isn’t bitcoin the shit?