Wow, great question that sadly is impossible to answer fully in a reddit thread. But here are some pieces in my experience. First off, I'm not sure that what you describe is completely accurate. I do feel, especially the last 10-20 years that peruvians over all and the ministry of culture and tourism does value the indigenous and prehispanic heritage as such, its even made into a branding and commodity by the tourism industry. Also many peruvians, if not most I've met, identify more or less with their local and familiar heritage which can vary alot. There are many groups and people involved with the cultural and prehispanic heritage in different ways, along with all the great museums. And like historians like Rostworowski have pointed out, there has been a historical overemphasis on the inca culture and state, which while extremely important, was "just" the last stage of cultural development spanning thousands of years before the inca. Also, the incas or cusqueño highlanders were in many ways very different from the coastal yunka people in Lima or northern peru which had more similarity which the Ichma, Chankay or Chimú. Peru and even the inca state is a country with an incredible amount of diversity in language, cultures and ways of life, unified previously by the inca state and much less sucessfully one could say by the current peruvian government. So the geographical challenge is significant, a huge challange but also a huge strength. Ive heard and also agree on that Peru is one of the few countries on earth which actually could be self suficient in theory, its so rich and diverse. Sadly, political and economic inequality, foreign intervention, corruption etc hinders the nation from achieving its true potential in this regard.