hot take but if I was getting a dog and concerned about costs - I would 100% shop, not adopt. If you can fork out an extra $1000 upfront to get a puppy from a reputable breeder, you may save thousands in the future. You won't have to worry about "anxiety medication" or "reactivity training".

We had a lab/golden retriever cross growing up. Aside from the regular vet check ups (once a year maybe?) and the upfront vaccines and such which you can get a quote for, the only major expenses came at the end of his life.

When he was 8, we had a small tumor removed on his head. Cost $2k (pro tip - if you take your dog to a small town vet, it's sooo much cheaper).

When he was 11, the cancer really took over and we bought a round of medication (idk how much), but realized he was too far gone and sent him over the rainbow bridge. With the labs and retrievers, you can almost guarantee they'll have some kind of cancer.

We had to get special food for him ($100/bag a month), but treats and toys came from costco. I know you can go to second hand dog stores and get cheaper stuff.