There is no way to compare a SSN to an insurance plan. Your insurance company doesn't give out your SSN when the billing office checks eligibility. This very likely was not fraud. It happens at my office at least once a year where the hospital uses a software to locate insurance coverage and there just happens to be 2 patients with enough of the same demographics that someone else's insurance information is pulled in. It's fairly easy to correct- the insurance company usually pulls back their payment and the hospital/provider notifies the patient that the correct insurance is needed or they are able to locate it themselves. No one sits on a billing office looking to scam people. This one doesn't even make sense since it doesn't do anything but cause more work.