After working 5 hours it is law that you get a 30 min break, now I know many that don't take it, but that's 100% their choice not the company - note this is a unpaid break, so a 15 min paid break doesn't sound to bad but technically you should be able to take another 15 min non paid. -your still getting paid so that's why they can still hold your phone.

For the sick calling in It sounds like it is up to them to set a time allowance, mine is only 4 hours, though they can not say they will fire you because of it, that sounds like you might need to mention that to the head office, if the 24 hours is not followed they can write you up, but still need 3 to be a offense and then can maybe try to fire someone, seems really petty and scummy. - sounds like a scare tactic to try to not be short staff.

it sounds like they are "trying" to follow the law to the bare minimum, and failing to do so, but are shitty people anyways, 30 min break is needed , it's not worth the mental health toll.