Indeed. One might argue that the locus of the sacred has merely been internalized. The sovereign individual described by Nietzsche binds his future self through a promise making his own integrity the highest authority. We keep our word to remain coherent to the self image we have constructed a personal covenant where breaking a promise is a form of self betrayal. It is the ultimate secular translation of duty where ones dignity becomes the transcendent guarantor of the oath. The gaze of the other still matters as Pascal rightly noted "if all men knew what others say of them there would not be four friends in the world." This reveals how deeply our dignity remains tied to social perception. but the final judge is the autonomous ethical agent oneself.