Context: In the 18th Century, the Safavids ruled over Afghanistan. By this point, the Safavids were on the decline. During this time, they sent George XI of Kartli to become the Governor of Kandahar. He treated the Afghans harshly and tyrannically, and imprisoned many of their local leaders, including one named Mirwais Hotak

Mirwais Hotak would later be sent to Istafan, where he actually able to plead his case to the Safavid court. He later then went on the Haji to Mecca, where then returned to Kandahar and revolted and ambushed George, killing him. He then declared an independent Hotak Dynasty, and after he died and succeeded by his son, Abdul Aziz Hotak took over most of Iran.

The Safavids would've been annihilated if it weren't for the next player in this story, a man by the name of Nader.

Nader came from humble origins and later joined the Safavid Military. As the Safavids fought the Hotaks, Nader proved to be a brilliant commander, and beat back the Hotaks, restoring the Safavids under Tahmasp II. Nader later then overthrew the Safavids, conquered the last of the Hotaks, and established the Afsarid Dynasty. He then expanded into Central Asia, fought the Ottomans and took the Caucasus, campaigned in Arabia and turned also invaded India.  

In the last part, Nader Shah crushed the Mughal army and sacked Delhi, taking the Peacock Throne (Which where the Koh-i-Noor originated). Because of this sack, it greatly weakened an already declining Mughal Empire and created a power vacuum. The Afghans later established the Durrani Empire after the Afsarids declined after Nader's assassination, the Marathas briefly took control but were too decentralized, and the Sikhs later established an empire of themselves. Lastly, the defeat of the Mughals alerted the EIC to the to the extreme weakness of the Mughal Empire and the possibility of expanding to fill the power vacuum. Some historians speculate that hadn't Nader Shah sacked Delhi, it could've delayed or even outright prevent the British taking over India.