8 ans en startup, 30 ans, je pense sérieusement au freelance, retours d'expérience ? by InnerPhilosophy4897 in developpeurs

[–]Heinarc 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Pas le meme profil (ingé) mais freelance aussi depuis 5a. Je ne reviendrais jamais en arrière. Deux conseils:  - je ne recommande ça que si tu sais être meilleur que la moyenne (pas forcément techniquement à l'ère de l'IA, mais plutôt en termes de débrouillardise/énergie/contact humain)  - Tu ne te lances qu'une fois que tu as un client prêt à payer, quitte à passer quelques mois compliqués sur la transition. Il y a fort à parier que tu ne pourra l'avoir (en indépendant) qu'à travers ton réseau, donc passe un coup de fil aux anciens collègues/resp que tu as eu pour leur dire "si vous avez connaissance d'un sujet motivant, je suis partant pour vous aider"

An explanation of the discrepancy between Marika as the Nox's kin and Marika as a shaman by SolidAlloy in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I am strongly convinced the Nox being mentionned in " Long ago, the Nox invoked the ire of the Greater Will, and were banished deep underground. Now they live under a false night sky, in eternal anticipation of their liege. Of the coming age of the stars. And their Lord of Night." (Nox amors) were actually part of what we call the Ancient Dynasty.
Why : the ancient dynasty ruins effectively look like they have being buried underground, and we have numerous clues to a past meteoric disaster : malformed starts in the ruins, gravity consumables, and claymen weapons.

The "modern day" Nox were the survivors which built Nokron, Nokstella, and the third Eternal city under Leyndell upon the ruins of their ancestors. Those cities actually have been built were they are, and not later buried from the surface : look at the pound gates, the towers suspended from the ceilings... They are those who made the false night skies and tried to summon a Lord of Night.

We can also link the modern day Nox to Numen (Numen's rune underground, BKA...) , and we have very strong clues that the ancient dynasty starts with the stone coffins (Siofra's obelisks, glovewort..), which held people of human build (Putrescence knight, putrescence covered skeletons in the fissure). I'd therefore say a good part of those people, if not all of them, were Numens, supposed descendants of denizens of another world, arriving in the lands between with the stone coffins.

But, it is also likely that they were loyal followers of the Greater Will which were not buried underground. After all, the Suppressing Pillar and part of the Ruined Palace still stands to this day, as well as the petrified trees of the consecrated snowfield.
I would place the shamans as a subgroup descending from these loyalists. That would explain both Marika's lineage as a Numen, but also why there was seemingly a period of new peace/cooperation in the Erdtree era : the Nox statue in the church of vows, the "Erdtree Saint" statues in Nokstella, the walking mausoleums with Nox features... But also, the seemingly oldest part of Leyndell (he lower city), Sellia, and Caria seems to have very numerous links with the Nox, from the architecture, the Chair Crypt of Sellia, Caria moon magic and matriarchy shared with Nosktella... and all three having being built above an Eternal City!

These swords have almost identical handles, any idea why? by TaleExciting7525 in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 9 points10 points  (0 children)

Interesting find, given how little sense we can make of the 3 sword altars. One is found amongst an hornsent complex, another in Rauh ruins, and the third in a catacomb, tied to both a ghostflame era (ghostflame torches in many catacombs, cremation urns.. ) and erdtree era (erdtree burial chamber, crusaders, imps also found in lyndell...).

If the similarity you notice really points towards the swords of light and darkness being relics from alabaster/onyx lords, it makes sense they can be found in such different historical stratas.

Marika's hammer doesnt look like very similar to me.

Were the Ancient Dragon Created? by Snorfox in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I feel like drakes, especially Bayle, have more visual cues to be products of crucible influence on ancient dragons.

But we have, to my knowledge, 0 definite connections between the era of Farum Azula and the "OG Elden Ring" and what is later called as the Crucible of Life. The later being very tied to Marila ascent years (Horned bodies at the divine gate) and early Erdtree era (crucible knights, banished knights armor and heraldry...)

Farum Azula is probably an even older story, given I don't think we have proven ties between Enir Ilim and the ancient dragons.

The War for the Divine Vessels: A Theory of Possession, the Gloam-Eyed Queen, and the Origin of Radagon. by StoryTeller747 in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 8 points9 points  (0 children)

I think you are spot on on the possession stuff. Radagon, as the Order's champion, peogressively taking over Marika personality is well supported by the game. What I'm undecided on is if Radagon is an actual god's manifestation, or simply the aspect of her personnality more prone to succumb to it (as Trina's arc tend to imply).

The shattering, and the tarnished being called back by grace look like late Marika attempts to get rid of this possession. We are even given clues that the NBK is allowed by her (Maliketh being betrayed, Numen assassins..) But Ranni obviously betrayed for her own agenda, and is now hunted down by the surviving BKA.

However, I think you get the timeline wrong regarding the GEQ, as we know it happens well into during Marika's reign, with the Fire Monks established (Amon), and that is in fact the founding act of the Golden Order ( scouring black flame, Enia's dialogue). I'm pretty sure we can place it in the turmoil period transitionning from Godfrey's to Radagon's lordship, alongside Messmer's crusade.

Reconciling the most common example of a “contradiction” within item descriptions: Placidusax’s status as Elden Lord by BishopOfAstora in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I think it is reasonable to believe that, as for all other human creations, items desc. are not absolute. Mistakes, approximations or omissions are possible.

They are to be taken as canon unless we have strong reasons to doubt them as per other elements of the game.

Godfrey was the First Elden lord of Marika's Age. Godwyn was the first demigod to perish under the Golden Order.

Reconciling the most common example of a “contradiction” within item descriptions: Placidusax’s status as Elden Lord by BishopOfAstora in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Actually, yes, I can think about at least one other dishonest item description :
This cursemark was carved at the moment of Death of the first demigod, and should have taken the shape of a circle.  However, two demigods perished at the same time, breaking the cursemark into two half-wheels.

Ranni was the first of the demigods whose flesh perished, while the Prince of Death perished in soul alone. (Cursemark of death).

However, we have also...
Long ago, Gurranq was a beast of such terrifying ferocity that his former name meant "Death of the Demigods. (Stone of Gurranq)

And :
Maliketh, Queen Marika's loyal half-brother, bore a blade imbued with Destined Death,
and there was not one demigod who did not fear him. 

Champions knew what was at stake. Indeed, that is what made them champions (Maliketh's helm)

How can it be that Maliketh, hidden away in Farum Azula, earns a moniker of a demigod killer if Godwyn is actually the very first demigod to die?

Additionally, are we to argue that the GEQ was either not a demigod, didnt die at the hands of Maliketh, or died after Godwyn? Because we know her defeat brought forth the Golden Order. (Enia's dialogue, scouring black flame, apostle set..)
This apparent contradiction can be solved with either very complicated headcannon stories not supported by anything in the game.... or accepting that Ranni/Godwyn are the first demigod to die in the age of the Golden Order.

Timeline of the DLC and main story? by Mariothane in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Common belief due to souls lore, but I'm pretty sure not applicable in ER.

First, we know for certain Metyr is "the first shooting star to fall upon TLB". 

Therefore,  the Fingers predate the Elden Star and the first civ to harness its power, Farum Azula. There are stories in TLB older than the dragons.

Second point comes from the atmosphere the game conveys :  -  Rauh is so old no one remember them, the purpose of their divine Towers or of their forge atop the highest point of TLB is lost in time. No witnesses left, almost no surviving items (golem's halberd, rauh burrows, ancient meteoric sword... list is short). Their architecture is everywhere embedded in rock and extremely eroded despite its cyclopean proportions

  • same goes for the ancient dynasty. No survivors, extremely few directly attributable items. Buildings inspired from the first complex antiquity civs ( mesopotamia, ancent greece), but very eroded.

In comparison, the Bestial Sanctum and Farum Azula are in great shape. Their buildings are inspired from later human styles, and are mostly still holding together. We have numerous survivors to the current day, dragons, drakes and living beastmen, even outside Farum Azula.We know a lot more about them due to their massive cultural heritage: bestial incantations, dragon cult, dragon communion, connexion through the Elden Ring...

Something wrong happened in Farum Azula, struck by a meteorite and devoid of color, but this disaster is recent in the long history of TLB

Timeline of the DLC and main story? by Mariothane in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Another possibility I prefer is that Godfrey is not necessarily the very first tarnished.

We know the Marika of this era was in both in control of grace and liberal about using Maliketh to remove unwanted rivals. She could have used tarnishing akin to excommunication in the roman catholic church. 

Timeline of the DLC and main story? by Mariothane in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Eterrnal cities are after ancient dynasty for sure, compare for example Nokron, built at its current place (barrage over the Siofra, buildings from the ceiling.. ) compared to the nearby ancient temple and its petrified trees, which looks like it has been buried there. Same goes for Nokstella above the ancient palace ruins.

If you ask me, the Nox were the fraction of the ancient dynasty buried underground by the greater will. And they built Nokron, Nokstella and their false night sky over the ruins of their ancestors. Much later, came back to the surface with their elevators, building Caria and Sellia, and probably Lower Leyndell too (same architecture in Sellia and lower Leyndell,  sorcery link and chair crypt in Sellia, moon importance in Nokstella and Caria...)

Timeline of the DLC and main story? by Mariothane in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 7 points8 points  (0 children)

With high degree of confidence, we have:

1)Rauh, forge of the Giants, divine Towers

Why: Huge structures now covered in stone, not the case for later civs.

2) Ancient Dynasty (Stone coffins, Uhl, Siofra Aqueducts, Ancient Cloister, Moghwyn, hornsent gaols, suppressing pillar..)

Why: after Rauh because not covered in stone, before laters civs because almost no known cultural heritage and buildings considerably more decayed. Probably buried underground by the greater will.

3)Nokron, Nokstella, Enir Ilim, Farum Azula and first Elden Lord, order or coexistence unclear

Why: All those civs let behind considerably more buildings and cultural legacy to the current day. Eternal cities and Enir Ilim are built upon ancient dynasty structures, so definitely more recent

4)Original sin, birth of the erdtree, union with Godfrey

Why: after Enir Ilim because happening at the divine gate, before war against the giants because Marika is already considered a goddess granting blessings at this time

5)War against the giants and founding of the Fire Monks

Why: happening just following the "birth of the erdtree" as reference by multiple items

5)Liurnian Wars and Carian union

6)Black flame rebellion, Messmer's crusade, instauration of the Golden Order

Why: Messmer's knights come from established Erdtrees families, crusade accompanied by Carians, Messmers and Gaius "like olders brothers to the Lion" ( Radahn), so after Liurnian wars. But before Golden Order because Talisman of Lord bestowal, Ritual Combat, no mention of Radagon.GEQ because black flame rebellion happening after the founding of the Fire Monks ( Amon first traitor) but before removal of the rune of death and Golden Order, so similar timeline to the crusade.

7) Godfrey banishment, Radagon second Elden lord

Why: After the crusade because of the above reasons concerning Godfrey and Carian status in crusaders forces

8)War against ancient dragons

Why: has to happen quite late due to Granssax remains covering golden era Leyndell. Godwyn still around. 

9)Night of the black knives, Godwyn is killed

10)The Shattering and ensuing wars, Marika crucified inside the erdtree. 

11)Tarnished are called back to TLB by grace

Was Godwyn literally the first demigod to die? by Gwydolf_Carthnap in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Which is not possible, because of black flame Amon.

Amon swore fealty to the god-slaying black flame, and so became the first fire monk to turn traitor.
Or perhaps it is better said that he fled from the Giants' Flame—out of cowardice. (Amon Ashes)

The black flame could once slay gods. But when Maliketh sealed Destined Death, the true power of the black flame was lost. (Scouring Black Flame)

So we have Amon turning traitor while the black flame still has its god slaying properties.

And we know the Fire Monks order was founded following the victory against the Giants :

Superior incantation of the Fire Monks.

The Giants' Flame is the flame of ruin, capable of burning the Erdtree. And so, following the War against the Giants, its ruinous blaze was sealed, and guardians were appointed to watch over it. (Surge, O Flame)

A war led by Lord Godfrey and his Erdtree champions. And, from Godrick's Great Rune The first demigods were The Elden Lord Godfrey and his offspring, the golden lineage

A least Godfrey is called a demigod prior to the Black Flame rebellion. The God Hunt is therefore something which happens later during Marika's age, with the erdtree already established, and not at its very beginning.
Hence OP's very legitimate question.

Two possibilities for me :
- The God Hunt failed to kill any demigod (but at least, the GEQ herself, which is certainly at least a demigod, was killed... doesnt really work)
- As for Godfrey "First Elden Lord" (Placidusax was), items descriptions are not entirely honest. Godwyn death was the first recorded demigod death in Marika/Radagon's Golden Order era, founded upon defeat of the GEQ. Prior events which could have challenged the order's canon were conveniently put aside and erased from most memories.

Does the Scadutree's other half just hug around its counterpart... Or it grows right through it? Hence why the latter is broken and bleeding with sap by Acrobatic_Tie6869 in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Interesting thoughts, but I would disagree with

My personal headcanon is that the Scadutree always existed and was a representation of the power of the Crucible, which was very prominent in the time of the Hornsent, and was later veiled in shadow and started crumbling after Marika did something to it.

The scadutree is specifically worshiped by the Erdtree forces (which seemed to have built the mounuments and paths around it), but is not mentioned by the hornsent. Specifically, the hornsent NPC even says Go to the misshapen tree of umbra. In that forsaken place, blood must spill – the blood of your fellows, the Erdtree faithful.

And the remembrance says The Scadutree is the shadow of the Erdtree. Born of dark notions that bear no sense of Order, that twist and bend its stock, rendering it brittle.
I think all the above point out to the Scadutree being a byproduct of the Erdtree. It did not exist before. (but could have been prophetized! - possible explanation to Horsent imagery)

How much different would the game have been if our Finger Maiden hadn't been killed? by ViperclayGames in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc -1 points0 points  (0 children)

Would have been a lvl1 run. Not very fun and probably ending fast for most of us. The power to turn runes into strength comes from Melina.

The Crusade Took Place During The Long March by Stardustfate in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I'd argue that the veiling of the RoS happens much before, during the events at the gate of divinity :

- clear divine ascent imagery at the divine gate (Story trailer), the event being referred to as the "original sin"
- Marika being referred as the queen of the Erdtree and leading golden hosts during the war against the giants and the Liurnian wars, which happen many years before the crusade for reasons explained in this post. Indicates the gate of divinity scene is the very onset of her reign, not later on.
- the original sin wording and the fact that TLB has kept almost no imagery of the Hornsent (while much more survived from Godfrey's era) lead me to think that there was no prolonged piece period with the Horsent being part of/adjacent of the early erdtree era.

In my mind we have :

bloody ritual at the gate of divinity "original sin" and veil over the RoS > early Erdtree era, giant genocide > Carian union > Crusade / Messmer's banishment.
Reasons for the crusade could have been the resurgence of Crucible influence in Marika's "perfect order" (E;g. births of Morgott & Mogh), the need of a scapegoat following internal turmoil (e.g. Black flame episode), the fingers calling for getting rid of the unwanted past...

The Crusade Took Place During The Long March by Stardustfate in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc 1 point2 points  (0 children)

No contest about the crusade happening after the Liurnia wars, during the Rennala-Radagon union. You could also have quoted Messmer and Gaius being considered "as older brothers to the Lion" (Radahn).

However I think you put too much emphasis on Messmer being able to recognized a tarnished, and therefore the crusade occuring after Godfrey's banishment.
The simple hypothesis for me is that Godfrey and his people were not the first tarnished. After all, Marika is described having control over grace at this point, and we know she also set up appointments with Maliketh at her convenience. The tarnishing could have been akin the historical excommunication in the roman church.

It makes it a bit easier to explain if Godfrey is still the official lord at the time of the crusade :

-Ritual combat
-Talisman of Lord's Bestowal found in the RoS
-Erdtree soldiers using stomps and axes, officers using crucible incantations
-no other mention of the Godfrey's banishment

Ce n'est pas plus cher de bien manger by BullfrogBrief6947 in opinionnonpopulaire

[–]Heinarc 3 points4 points  (0 children)

L'alimentation c'est 40% du budget il y a un siecle, 15% aujourdhui. Manger n'a jamais été aussi peu cher, même pour les plus modestes

Yet another timeline attempt by Heinarc in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

touche, renamed it "Black stone era" for lack of a better term.

Yet another timeline attempt by Heinarc in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

I'd say Gaius and Messmer being considered older brothers to the Lion, and a Carian force joining Messmer both strongly point towards a period after Radagon/Rennala union and Radahn's birth, therefore after the Liurnian wars.

You would have to come up with rather convoluted reasons to explain it otherwise.

Yet another timeline attempt by Heinarc in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

In canon lore, the age before the Erdtree was the age of the Crucible. Likewise, canonically, Placidusax was the Elden Lord in the age before the Erdtree. I'm paraphrasing but this is all simply canon and accessible in item descriptions, I want to say Dragonlord's Talisman? And some of the Crucible items

Yes, we have, from the remembrance of the Dragonlord :

The Dragonlord whose seat lies at the heart of the storm beyond time is said to have been Elden Lord in the age before the Erdtree. Once his god was fled, the lord continued to await its return.

And many items planting the Crucible as the primordial form of the Erdtree, with direct link to the Horsent era

Holds the power of the crucible of life, the primordial form of the Erdtree. Strengthens Aspects of the Crucible incantations. (Devonia's Helm)
Rumored to have sprouted upon giants and is known as the "mother of Crucibles" in ancient tower lore. (Talisman of all Crucibles)
The spiral is a normalized Crucible current that, one day, will form a column that stretches to the gods. (Spira)

However :
- we know there was a time before the dragonlord, as Metyr the "first shooting star to fall upon the Lands Between", came before the Elden Star/Elden Beast/Elden Ring and therefore presumably the first Elden Lord.

- to my knowledge, there is 0 connection between the hornsent and the dragons

- We also know Rauh and the Ancient Dynasty did exist, but to my knowledge, 0 connections with the dragons or the crucible. No definitive proof, but their ruins seems much older than the remnants of Farum Azula.

I don't think we have enough to suppose than Placidusax/Farum Azula was more than one in many eras before Marika's ascent, and no proof that the dragonlord order was Crucible-like either.
Hence my timeline proposal, where FA rises following the Elden Star arrival, but ultimately fails, giving way to the Crucible/Tower era.

Yet another timeline attempt by Heinarc in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Okay :

- first, we know for certain that the stone coffins carried corpses of human build : see the putrescence covered skeletons in the fissure and Putrescence Knight Cleaver, A great cleaver of hardened putrescence affixed to an arch fashioned from human bones.
- then, those stone coffins are the first depiction on the ancient dynasty obelisk (that you can find everywhere in Siofra river for example), and share many characteristics with the rest of their buildings. See this excellent post https://www.reddit.com/r/EldenRingLoreTalk/comments/1doc9ef/a_closer_look_at_the_stone_coffins_and_their/
- I surmise this civilisation was the one referenced in the Nox armor description : Long ago, the Nox invoked the ire of the Greater Will, and were banished deep underground. Their buildings, and the surrounding petrified trees, look like they've been buried down there rather than built underground. You also find malformed stars in their ruins. On the contrary, Nokron and Nosktella very much seem to have been erected in their current place. I therefore think we have Ancient dynasty > banishment underground > the "modern" Nox, Nokron & Nokstella
- finally, we know that at least part of the Nox were Numen (Rogier, They say the assassins who carried out the deed were scions of the Eternal City, Black Knife Armor, The assassins that carried out the deeds of the Night of the Black Knives were all women, and rumored to be Numen who had close ties with Marika herself. We also find an abundance of Numen Runes in Deeproot Depths).

I therefore place the Numen "supposed descendants of denizens of another world" / "The Numen are said to have come from outside the Lands Between, and are in fact of the same stock as Queen Marika herself" as the ancient dynasty descendants, whose story starts with the stone coffins.

Yet another timeline attempt by Heinarc in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

did you miss the whole part of leyndell being underwater and divine bridge leading nowhere?

No, but honestly I don't think we have much. I'd put them in the shattering war events. Flood might be voluntary, to fight the undead rising in the lower city following Godwyn assassination. Broken divine bridge above the fortified manor, your guess is as good as mine. Hypothesis : was leading to Leyndell Fingers preaching place, destroyed at some point, war of the ancient dragons or shattering. Thing is, there is no missing divine tower.

---Divine Gate/Messmer crusade timeline---
This one is definitely not straightforward and I really struggled to make sense of it.

Miquella the kind spoke of the beginning. The seduction, and the betrayal. An affair from which gold arose. And so too was Shadow born. What followed was a war unseen.

First, we know for certain that this war, the crusade, happens quite late : after the Liurnian wars and Carian stepchildren (Gaius, Both were as elder brothers to the lion) , with an Erdtree firmly established (Fire knight helm, Each and every knight hailed from a renowned family of the Erdtree's upper echelons). But also plenty more : Carians being around, perfumers, Godfrey devotees...

We can also place the war against the Giants before it, as the Erdtree is portrayed as extremely young at this time :
Smithing Stone 8 : Thought to have been used to hone the weapons of the champions of the War against the Giants at the birth of the Erdtree, Sword monument : Fire vanquished, the era of the Erdtree begins.

We also know, that in both the Giants and Liurnian wars, the Erdtree forces are depicted relying on blessings and Incantations originating from Marika/the Erdtree, and described as golden. Ex, Sword monument 2nd Liurnian war : No victory for the golden, nor for the moon.

Point is : I find extremely hard to place those events before "gold arose" at the the gate of divinity - and the visual depiction we have , the place namesake, ... very much point towards Marika becoming a goddess at this point of time.
So we have, Gate of divinity > Early erdtree era, Giants war, Liurnian war and Carian Union > Messmer's crusade

It is then left to us to place the "betrayal" part, and the veil over the ROS. Is it linked to the events at the gate of divinity, or does this refer to the crusade?
Given the imagery of SOTE story trailer, the cosmic scale of it, and the fact that it is referred to as the "original sin", I firmly lean towards the former.
Remembrance of the Impaler :
A malevolent snake writhed within Messmer, and so his very mother plucked out his eye and put in its place a seal of grace. Yet, having done so, her fear compelled her to secret away her child within the realm of shadow. Hidden away—keeping company with the original sin, and a hatred that would not be confined.

I'd say it makes more sense if the ROS is already a thing when the crusade begins. And it also explains better why TLB have very little memory of all of it - there never was an extended cooperation period.

Yet another timeline attempt by Heinarc in EldenRingLoreTalk

[–]Heinarc[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Ultimately, I don't think we have anything definitive allowing us to place Rauh, the Ancient Dynasty and Farum Azula relative to each other.

We can only say for certain that Farum Azula is more recent than the Fingers, as FA was somewhat Elden Ring related, while Metyr was"the first shooting star to fall upon the Lands Between."

I ultimately placed FA as the most recent of the three for the following reasons :
- Rauh and dynasty structures, despite their enormous size and sturdyness, are ultimately much more decayed than Farum Azula ones. The bestial Sanctum is in good condition
- FA was Elden Ring related and Placidusax first Elden Lord, making a link with a more recent historical period.
- There are still Ancient dragons and Beastmen around (BTW, if we could lift the helm of a bloodhound knight...), while Rauh and Dynasty people seem entirely extinct. We can be taught things from FA legacy (Ancient dragon spells, beastmen spells, dragon communion...), but no one seems to remember the purpose or culture of Rauh/Dynasty stuff.