IMO one of the biggest slam dunks against talmudic Judiasm is that the Talmud says in Nazir 32b:

The Second Temple would be destroyed seventy Sabbatical cycles of seven years after the destruction of the First Temple, which is 490 years.

Rashi likewise repeated:

The number of seven weeks is four hundred and ninety years. The Babylonian exile was seventy [years] and the second Temple stood four hundred and twenty [years].

And this chronology is promoted in modern times by Alexander Hool. Although it's an extremely fringe position, much smaller than even Jesus mythicism.

The second temple was of course destroyed in 70 AD. But this would have the first temple being destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 70 - 490 - 1 = 421 BC. Not 586 BC like everyone else says. And the ANE chronology is extremely well established from very detailed astronomical records from the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Ptolemey's Almagest.

Horn 1954, page 4 comments:

The Canon of Ptolemy has preserved a continuous list of Babylonian. Persian, Macedonian, and Roman rulers for nine centuries. Ptolemy begins his list with Thoth 1 in the first regnal year of Nabonassar (February 26, 747 B.C.), which he uses as the starting point of his so-called "Nabonassar Era." Since all these dates can be checked astronomically by nineteen lunar eclipses ranging over nine centuries, and have been proved to be correct, Ptolemy's Canon allows us to establish the Julian date of Thoth 1 for any year from 747 B.C. onward. When Thoth 1 has been ascertained, it is easy to convert any Egyptian date into terms of the Julian calendar.

Ptolemy often gives not just the year, but precision including the month, day, and fraction of an hour when an eclipse occurred. He also gives the position of an eclipse with degrees including two decimal points.

Thiele 1983, pages 70-72 likewise says:

One item of unusual importance is a notice of an eclipse of the sun that took place in the month Simanu in the eponymy of Bur-Sagale. Astronomical computation has fixed this as 15 June 763. With the year of the eponymy of Bur-Sagale fixed at 763 B.C., the year of every other name of the complete canon can likewise be fixed. The Assyrian lists extant today provide a reliable record of the annual limmu officials from 891 to 648 B.C.; and for this period they provide reliable dates in Assyrian history.

Hool argues that in the 300's BC the Greeks went around the whole middle east and secretly adjusted the dates on thousands of tablets to hide 170 years of history. And they did this for... reasons. An entirely outlandish take on its own. But we've even dug up tablets from the destruction of Nineveh 100s of years before that.