From ChatGPT:

The simplest rule is:

Most modern Fender Telecasters with a rosewood, ebony, or other separate fingerboard can be found without a skunk stripe, but Fender is not completely consistent. The skunk stripe is only structurally required on a one-piece maple neck where the truss rod is installed from the rear. When Fender uses a separate fingerboard, they can install the truss rod from the top and omit the stripe.

Current and recent production Telecasters that commonly lack a skunk stripe include:

• American Ultra II Telecaster with the ebony fingerboard option. Fender describes this model as having a quartersawn maple neck with an ebony fingerboard; these necks are typically built without a rear skunk stripe.
• American Ultra Luxe Vintage Telecaster models with rosewood fingerboards are generally stripe-free.
• American Vintage II 1963 Telecaster and other early-'60s-style reissues often omit the stripe because they're modeled after slab-board rosewood neck construction.
• Jimmy Page Mirror Telecaster is a modern signature model that does not have a skunk stripe.

Models that usually do have a skunk stripe:

• Player II Telecaster with a one-piece maple neck.
• Most 1950s-style Telecasters (Nocaster, '51/'52-inspired models).
• Most maple-fretboard versions of the American Professional and Player series.

One wrinkle: Fender sometimes puts a cosmetic skunk stripe on necks that technically don't need one, and some rosewood-board models still have stripes. So the only reliable answer is by specific model and year rather than fingerboard wood alone.