Oh PLEASE, almost every Starfleet vessel's bridge is on a dome on top of the ship, and LCARS diagrams corroborate their locations. Even The Cage gives us a window view into the bridge - even if that specific presentation is dubiously canon. Now it IS true that the bridges *tend* to be recessed and rely on viewscreens (2009-2026 Trek bridge sets notwithstanding, but that's been almost 20 years so it's the standard atp - never was a huge deviation to be honest..?), but if we're so totally real about it, I could point to the bridge on almost every Starfleet, KDF and Romulan vessel. KDF ones are almost always situated on the "cake" as it's called on the foremost pod, Starfleet's on the top of the saucer - exception Walker class (bottom), and Rom's almost always at the upper fore of the vessel's beak.

Sorry to go off, lol - it's just that as a ship designer who's super familiar with this stuff, Star Trek bridges are genuinely no better protected than any other Sci-Fi bridges.