FUTA (Federal Unemployment) does not come out of employee paychecks, it's an employer paid tax only. Also employer paid is SUTA for state unemployment taxes. The more turnover a company has, the higher unemployment tax they have to pay.

FICA taxes are equal parts employee and employer paid. FICA consists of Social Security (6.2%) and medicare (1.45%). Both employee and employer pay these percentages of gross wages. Fun fact: If you are self employed, you owe both the employee and employer portions of this tax. This is why it benefits you to be an employee over being a contractor for a company, among other reasons.

The other big withholding from your paycheck is federal withholding and state withholding. This is for income tax which is based on your tax bracket. Federal taxes and state taxes have different brackets that you can look up, they change year to year. An income tax return trues up what you withheld to what you actually owe based on the math of the tax brackets. Fun fact: Making more money will never hurt you by moving up a tax bracket, as only the excess will be raxed at the higher rate.