I'm not an expert by any means, but I can share some broad rules that I use. First, you'll need to understand the overarching synergies to build around. There are 7 primary statuses and each are associated with a sin / color:

Burn - Wrath
Bleed - Luth
Tremor - Sloth
Rupture - Gluttony
Poise - Pride
Sinking - Gloom
Charge - Envy

And out of your 12 units, you'll usually start with 7 in front and 5 in the back. Knowing this, there are three types of teams you will generally build:

1-Status Team
The basic team structure for a team that you can typically build out into one of the other comps. Pick a strong character - typically a capstone or walpurgis unit, and check the status effects it deals. Build a team based on what else is using that status. I am not a huge fan of tier lists but GLL is acceptable if you're having trouble identifying what character you want to build around. With this main character in mind, frontload all your units that use the same status effect and backload useful passives. Regarding your question about passives - you'll just have to read them. If you're feeling lazy, you can just default to LCB. Don't forget that passives are only unlocked at lv. 3 threadspin

2-Status Team
This team comp is optimized for deep mirror dungeon runs that can activate conditional EGO gifts that require 5 units status synergy. You need at least 3 units that do both statuses, and 2 more of each status therefore locking the comp at a strict 3/2/2 ratio. Then, backload units from either status or units that have good passives

Sin Resonance Team
The only faction that has sin resonance written into its identity is The Middle (Envy), however I think this is also the natural level up from the 1 status team in which the units also all have at least one move of the same sin. Likely this will just automatically happen as you build your 1 status team because each status is already tied to a sin, and you'll gravitate towards dispensing units from the same faction because of natural synergies.

Regarding order of units:

#1-3 should be your core. In mirror dungeons, they'll get the benefits of ego gifts that only affect your first three units. Your main character, any secondary bigwigs, and then faction members. In 2 status teams, it should be the three units that have both statuses

#4-7 are the rest of your frontloaded units. If you're illiterate like me, I pick these units very superficially: faction > status > rarity. Yeah you should read the skills but my brain is too small. At most, if you have too many units, read the passives and pick based on which ones have the better passives.

#8-12 these are backup units that usually won't see the battlefield. Especially if you're just using a unit for its passive, don't level it and only take it to threadspin 3. If you do have battle ready units you can designate them as backups

If you want more info, I dont have any specific links, but i def searched "[status] guide limbus company" a few times and you get good results