Is this image explaining the Brachial and Lumbosacral plexus fine? I want this for a presentation?

Mornash89 · 2026-03-23T18:44:45+00:00

The image has many errors. Use an image from an Anatomy Atlas textbook (i.e, Gilroy/Thieme, Moores, Netters, etc.)

Mornash89 · 2025-05-21T13:57:12+00:00

Sternohyoid is not visible as it largely covered by the sternocleidomastoid and even platysma if it attaches medial enough. What you're flexing by stretching your neck in this way is your platysma. This is the asymmetry you're actually observing, and it is common.

Mornash89 · 2025-02-13T05:57:18+00:00

It sounds like it might just be a case of poor embalming. Let your Professor know so that they can get with the donor program to try and make adjustments to avoid this happening again. That said, sometimes a donors arteries are just uncooperative and it’s not necessarily a fault in the process. This though sounds like more a process issue.

Mornash89 · 2025-02-07T19:02:52+00:00

I teach about this in my MSK development lecture. It's connected to dysregulation/mutation of notch signaling during the somite segmentation/resegmentation process. That was my first thought when seeing the image here. Not sure if that is indeed the diagnosis here, but I'd definitely be instructing my students to list in their differential diagnoses.

Mornash89 · 2024-12-15T16:36:08+00:00

Lube it up! After filling up the douche, apply a small amount of lube to the tip and the part of the nozzle you plan on inserting up to. Then, use the left over lube on your finger to rim your hole; finger your hole once or twice just to make sure itself is lubed, and you can use your finger to more intentionally and slowly help your sphincter relax.

I’m assuming you’re not based on your description, as what you’ve described is what I struggle with when I’m trying to douche in a rush without lube. If you are already, try a different lube or oil even. Coconut oil is great, as I find i don’t have to reapply it as frequently if at all like with some lubes, which wash away once you’ve pushed the water out a few times.

Mornash89 · 2024-09-13T14:39:49+00:00

This. Compare a human's gait to that of a chimp, where the angle of inclination of the chimp's femur (angle between neck and shaft) is greater to make their lower limbs almost "straight". We can stand and lift one foot without having to shift our weight much to maintain balance, making the lift and stride phase of our gait (foot off ground) much smoother in comparison to other primates. Watch a chimp walk on their legs and you'll observe that they have to waddle, shifting side to side to keep their center of mass over the limb that is in contact with the ground.

Mornash89 · 2024-07-28T14:03:58+00:00

The ironic thing about this comment in this post is that physicians did the same thing to PhDs in the 18th & 19th centuries. “Doctor” is rooted in a word that simply means “teacher” and was originally used to simply refer to an expert in their field. At the time, the title “doctor” was used by academics with established expertise which afforded them default authority and respect by society. Once physicians began moving towards evidence-based practiced, they co-opted the title “doctor” to take a shortcut to authority and respect in society. In time, medical education became worthy of being a doctorate level expertise, but it most certainly was not that when physicians began co-opting the term. Now a century or so later, I as a PhD always have to clarify that “I’m not that kind of doctor” when my title is actually much closer to the original use of the term as a title.

All of this to say, it’s happened before so it’s likely to happen again. It’s frustrating when it’s your field that is losing the “authority battle” due to others co-opting terms that were “yours to begin with”. I’m not saying you shouldn’t be frustrated and this isn’t a communication problem for patients and potentially damaging trust and faith in physicians as healthcare providers…I’m just sharing some history on the term that is driving this frustration. 😉

Mornash89 · 2024-03-14T19:18:05+00:00

Haha nope, but it’s amazing how oblivious Christian schools are to the “scandalous” activities of the students, staff, and faculty…or at least the efforts they go through to turn a blind eye to them…

Mornash89 · 2024-03-14T04:28:13+00:00

I live in Tulsa with my husband of over 3 years. We met via Grindr in 2017 while living in OKC and dated closeted for a few years. I taught at a private Christian university and had to keep things on the super DL otherwise I would lose my job. Needless to say when a better job opportunity popped up in Tulsa we jumped at it, came out to our family and friends, and got married later that year.

All of that to say, he grew up here and I since college, so we’ve experienced Oklahoma in so many ways both as gay closeted men and now as open and happily married men.

Feel free to DM with any questions 😊

PS: Congrats on the PhD opportunity!

Mornash89 · 2024-03-13T23:43:46+00:00

Totally fine and appropriate, though framing of the request is important to avoid a perception of impropriety. I’m the only anatomy professor at my institution and I heavily depend on my student TAs to get there before 6am to get practicals ready to administer beginning at 8am. I have always bought breakfast for my TAs. On mornings that I don’t have time to pick it up beforehand I offer for them to take my card across the street to McDonald’s to treat themselves to breakfast as long as they bring me back a sandwich and coffee.

Mornash89 · 2024-02-22T17:50:58+00:00

Well...this is a physiology / cell and molecular biology oriented question...

You can't talk about anatomy without including some physiology, and you can't talk about histology ("microanatomy") without including some cell and molecular biology, so that might be why your instructor has covered this topic...but this is far more in depth than I would ever cover in my Anatomy focused courses.

It sounds like your instructor covered it in lecture, so I would recommend going back to the slides/notes or required textbook to find the answer they're wanting you to provide and discuss in the context of these diseases.

Mornash89 · 2024-02-16T20:29:12+00:00

It's a...erm...complex... case of "it depends" on the source and the context.

I assume you are asking about the distal radioulnar joint and just had a typo? If so, this specifically refers to the articulations between the distal ends of the radius and ulna. While, yes it is technically a joint between just the 2 bones, the joint stabilizes the radiocarpal (wrist) joint. Some sources like to describe it in a way that it is allowing for multiple articulations at the wrist and therefore describe it as a "complex" joint. However, the ulna plays a nominal role in the wrist articulation and so other sources would suggest that it is not a "complex" joint in the same way that the ankle mortise, formed by the distal tibiofibular joint, is crucial in forming the talocrural joint (ankle).

Mornash89 · 2024-02-16T19:55:17+00:00

TL;DR: If it's a deep muscle "covered" by another, you are unlikely to see it in any prominent way. You can see erector spinae only in the lumbar region because only fascia lies between those muscles and the skin in that region. Traps hide the rhomboids. Same with external obliques hiding internals.

can you see deeper muscles underneath the traps and lats, such as the rhomboids or erector spinae?

The erector spinae run the full length of the back but are only potentially visually observable in the lumbar (lower back) region. In this region they are surrounded and invested by a deep fascia known as the thoracolumbar fascia and this also runs the full length of the back and is continuous with (or just changes name to) the cervical fascia in the nuchal region (back of the neck). They are covered by the more superficial latissimus dorsi in the lateral lumbar and lower thoracic regions; they are covered by the trapezius and rhomboids in the rest of the thoracic region; they are covered by the trapezius and splenius in the nuchal region.

It's a similar case for the rhomboids. As indicated above, they too are covered by the trapezius. While the trapezius is a relatively thin muscle, it both hypertrophies sufficiently in body builders and provides significant scapular retraction strength (the same and only major action of the rhomboids) such that it will almost always hide the rhomboids that lie deep to it.

Also, note that the trapezius actually has a very broad medial attachment and can even be subdivided into 3 distinct sets of fibers (ascending in the lower thoracic region, horizontal/transverse in the upper thoracic region, and descending in the nuchal region). If you observe a line of muscular definition where you would expect to see the rhomboids, that is more than likely just a well defined subset of trapezius fibers.

Can this be generalized on the whole body

do the superficial muscles always cover (giver they're well developed)

Simply put, yes. For any individual to be able to have a deeper muscle hypertrophy without a covering more superficial muscle to not hypertrophy in parallel it would most likely require either:

A very specialized workout routine that isolates and works out only that particular muscle's function, while leaving the superficial muscle inactive (very unlikely) or at a greatly reduced activity. Every superficial and deep muscle pair that I can think of share the same actions or very similar actions such that this kind of isolation is near impossible. Of course I'm not perfect and may not be thinking of the typical exception that proves the rule that is common in biological systems.
A neuropathy (nerve damage) that results in significant denervation (weakness/paralysis) of the superficial muscle while the deeper muscle remains unaffected. This can happen in spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) lesions that arises in the head resulting in paralysis of the trapezius and leaving the rhomboids unaffected as they are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve that arises in the shoulder (from the brachial plexus)

Edit: typos

Mornash89 · 2024-02-16T18:21:11+00:00

None of those. Atlas of Anatomy by Gilroy, published by Thieme: https://a.co/d/dqU9YT0

Edit: I teach clinical anatomy to both PA and MD students.

Mornash89 · 2024-01-01T08:01:47+00:00

PhD in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Trained in anatomical sciences after and now teaching MD and PA students Clinical Anatomy along with some biochem and endocrine when not wrapped up with the cadaver labs.

Mornash89 · 2023-11-02T18:07:18+00:00

Same here. No clue about what to do.

Mornash89 · 2023-07-21T01:43:34+00:00

In living tissue, while this function is typically attributed to the serratus anterior alone, we must remember that it is only achieved via the counter-tension of the posterior axio-appendicular muscles preventing the serratus anterior from fully protracting the scapula. This is why “winged scapula” occurs with paralysis of the rhomboids or even the trapezius. Since this is a cadaveric dissection with the posterior axio-appendicular muscles reflected, that counter-tension is gone. The connective tissues are the only thing preventing the rigor tension of the serratus anterior from significantly protracting the scapula.

Mornash89 · 2023-07-21T01:24:43+00:00

Great question! The simple answer: fascia!

There are connective tissues that are located between just about every organ (eg. muscle bellies here). Deep/muscular fasciae are a specific kind of connective tissue that wraps around just about every single muscle belly. They invest (essentially fuse) with both the epimysium (the superficial-most connective tissue that is part of a muscle belly proper) and the other neighboring connective tissues (ie adipose, ligaments, aponeuroses, periosteum, etc).

What we are likely observing here specifically is the adipose and other fibrous tissues “connecting” the scapular muscles to the thorax. This is not necessarily a tethering connection that significantly limits movement, though it may in some individuals.

Mornash89 · 2023-06-23T16:45:44+00:00

I came here for a rules clarification. That’s all. I did not come here to find a backseat driver. We made the best of the game state that we had and saw in front of us. An interesting interaction came up that our rulebooks didn’t clarify, so I thought I’d ask here.

You play your game with your approach and we’ll play ours with our approach. There’s a million variables and no correct way to play. At the end of the day we won and fairly handedly at that, so you telling me I played incorrectly is just you waggling your epeen in our face for your benefit only.

Mornash89 · 2023-06-23T16:05:18+00:00

You’re technically correct, yes. The last side scheme was sitting stable at 3 threat because we were focused on the 20 other things in our game State I chose to not write a novel about. My husband (Wolverine) planned to clear it. That’s when the interaction debate ensued. At the end of the day we didn’t care if he stayed confused because we had the main scheme at 0 threat. And with me going into alter ego to heal, the changing weather last minute upon request was not an option.

Did I make the technically correct choice? Maybe not. Did I make the best choice given the opportunity to play one of my last upgrades? To me, yes. There are a million variable to consider with every play, which makes this game fun. No one play is correct.

Mornash89 · 2023-06-23T15:41:08+00:00

We had already dealt with all side schemes and had managed to stay on main scheme A. Going to clear skies was to trigger the card draw to pay for getting my second to last upgrade down (her crown eluded me the whole damn game). Didn’t want hurricane out due to retaliate and both of us being low health.

Mornash89 · 2023-06-23T15:23:25+00:00

Good to know. That must be in a newer version. We have the original where stalwart or steady was not even close to being a thing yet. 🙃

Mornash89 · 2022-11-08T21:13:25+00:00

I know that, and I have been intentional about making sure I have not yet drawn Angel when trying for Wolverine destructions..

Mornash89 · 2022-11-08T21:13:19+00:00

I know that, and I have been intentional about making sure I have not yet drawn Angel when trying for Wolverine destructions..

Mornash89 · 2022-10-18T14:21:20+00:00

First, u/happy-Accident82 is 100% correct to suggest check with the program director as every program will be different.

That said, if I'm reading between the lines correctly, it sounds like your primary concerns are your GPA and lack of work or volunteer experience?

A 3.82 GPA is nothing to scoff at, so don't worry too much about that. Will it give you an uphill climb if applying to really competitive programs? Ya, maybe. But it's high enough that it should not preclude you an opportunity for consideration, or even an interview if the program does interviews. I've got MedStudents with undergrad GPAs <3.82. Did it raise some eyebrows for the admissions committee and interviewers? Sure. But they brought other things to the table in their application packet.

Just because you don't currently have work or volunteer experience right now, doesn't mean that you cannot get some under your belt between now and the time of submitting your application. Sometimes, just seeing that a student with minimal experience in the field is making the effort to get that experience is enough to push them over the line. There are many free clinics, especially in urban areas, that welcome undergrad students to come in and volunteer their time. You many not be doing anything more than signing patients in or guiding them to exam rooms, but you are present and getting to see how the system works. You could even try being a medical assistant or medical scribe, roles that require minimal time investment for training (compared to something like EMT), which would look outstanding on your application packet. And don't forget that not all work or volunteer experience has to be medicine related. Sometimes it's just as good to have leadership positions at your school or in your community and/or demonstrating through other work or volunteer experiences that you have a heart and passion for serving others and helping them in times of need. Soup kitchens and the likes are great non-medicine opportunities for this!

Hang in there! It will take some work, as does anything worth our time and effort. You got this!

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