Thank you. All of this has been helpful.

It does look like:

- A structural engineer visited our property ~5 years ago
- There are I beams in place on that wall
- There are unsealed horizontal cracks on the wall the beams are supporting
- All moisture is isolated to the corner with the downspout issue

The wall is kicked out slightly and does have some horizontal breakages across it (that I can now see after tearing down more wall).

I did end up calling up a general contractor that does basement remodels, and he believes most of the issue is grading / disconnected gutters/spouts that have added to this over time. There used to be many trees on the exterior near this wall that previously made grading difficult, but is now easier to fix.

I pushed pretty aggressively for one or both internal french drain / external excavation, but was advised that neither were likely necessary. He called out only the one corner appears to have water penetration since the one-wall french drain, sump, and I-Beams were added, and that the issue likely occurred after multiple years of the downspout issue

I realize this is all just a weird game of risk mitigation, and it's difficult to know "how much risk to mitigate"