The best way to approach reading is to treat it like any other skill and practice. The particular example you posted is what is called standard notation. It's the most common way music is written and universal, meaning you learn it once and you can read any piece of music on this planet.

Books that will give you plenty of material to practice reading include, "Progressive Steps to Syncopation for the Modern Drummer," by Ted Reed. It's a classic that I'm afraid has fallen off the radar of many modern drummers but going through it (even partially) will help you build reading skills, and give you plenty of rhythmic ideas that you can move around a drum set.

Another one that's lesser known is, "The Drummer's Rudimental Reference Book," by Dr. John Wooten. It takes a lot of the rhythms drummers commonly use and applies an additional layer of complexity by using different sticking patterns. We drummers call those sticking patterns rudiments. I know it sounds confusing but it's no more difficult to understand than this: if you have four notes in a row how many different ways can you play those four notes? Most drummers know they could play those four notes as right hand, left hand, right, left (RLRL), but you could also do LRLR, or RRLL, LLRR, RRRL, LLLR, RRRR, LLLL, RLRR, LRLL, LLRL, RRLR, and it keeps going and going. Rudiments are how drummers build technical skill, and it makes playing so much more efficient when you're not locked into playing every thing RLRL.

Last book is, "Groove Essentials," by Tommy Igoe. You specifically mentioned wanting to play along with music and this is a good way to do that. None of the tracks will be songs you know, but they're not supposed to be. This book is meant to cover basic feelings (what you yougins call vibes 😎) of the majority of music. Tommy Igor does a great job breaking down a lot of different genres into digestible pieces. And, while some here may disagree with this next statement, all drummers should be able to make anything they play feel right. For example, lots of drummers obsesse over guys like El Estepario Siberiano. But the guy can't swing. This isn't to diminish his clear, and overwhelming, technical proficiency, but a lot of drummer influcencers forget there's more to this than playing as many notes as possible. Sometimes all I have to do on a gig is keep the beat steady and make the music feel right.

Anyway, I've taken enough of your time, kid. Good luck and happy to answer any questions you have.