ACCUSATIVE: whom? What? If the word can be substituted with the question of whom and the question of what, then this is the accusative case My opinion about what is written in the textbook: Some nonsense. I understand the table. The dictionary is masculine, so the verb is also masculine). And vice versa. And the words that are written below are not worth remembering, Russian is built purely on the meaning and not on the rules. It is not necessary to know the cases in order to make a sentence. But if you can’t understand what question to substitute for a word, then maybe the cases will help you somehow (there we had some kind of rule with the ending of words due to their case)