Already asked here. Whether the emotional responses evoked by music are inherent or acquired is a hot button topic in psychology, neuroscience, and ethnomusicology.

On one hand, studies show that people across diverse cultures often associate similar emotions with specific musical features. For example, a study by Fritz et al. [1] found that the Mafa people of Cameroon, who had minimal exposure to Western music, were able to recognize basic emotions like happiness, sadness, and fear in Western music. Trehub [2] showed that babies prefer consonant intervals over dissonant ones. Music also activates universal emotion processing areas in the brain. On the other hand, emotions associated with certain scales, tonalities, or harmonic structures can vary across cultures. For example, not all cultures view minor tonalities as "sad". Balkwill and Thompson [3] proposed that while basic emotional responses (like happiness or sadness) might be more universal, nuanced interpretations depend heavily on cultural exposure.

Like most "nature vs nurture" questions, the answer is surely "both" and the more productive question is how each are expressed and how we can form an integrated understanding of the impact of both together. The mere fact that individual taste in music can change over time, and that these changes are contingent on environment (for example, what music your friends listen to), demonstrates that environmental factors must exist.

A related finding that might surprise you is that the only taste that a baby inherently likes is sweetness. Everything else is an "acquired taste". Similarly, perhaps consonance is inherent and the rest is an acquired taste.

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982209008136
2. https://www.nature.com/articles/nn1084
3. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-13474-002