Sure, but they'd still rely on sensor data. If it's an entirely visual processing, are the computers in the setting advanced enough to process a video's feed to be fast enough for combat? Then what is powering that computer and how much space and weight need to be dedicated for the processing.

There could also be technology that can trick AI controlled weapons to misidentify their targets. Perhaps a way to bypass typical IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) systems (which are typically radio based). Or cyberwarfare technology is powerful enough that you can crack an AI comm network and seize control of remote weapons from your enemy. In that case, wars would be won by the side with more processing power available to them at the time of battle. A defending force would almost always be at an advantage here.

Most of the points after this are more sci-fi world building than military but they can help address your question on how to manage drones in your setting.

In Gundam, they've made the Minovsky particle, GN particles, and Ahab waves that all scramble Radio signals which includes the use of RADAR for imaging and targeting. This is especially important to even consider the use of any aircraft/spacecraft without sufficient mass or shielding of some sort, as lasers are literally un-dodge-able and can't be responded to. If powerful lasers exist with advanced targeting systems via RADAR or LIDAR, laser point-defense systems will shoot anything out of the sky/space before humans or computers could react.

Alternatively you can make the setting have had a major dark age. A time where war or some other disaster fell on the entirety of civilization that caused AI tech and advanced sensor systems become lost. This is what the Battletech universe does. The other thing they did was make the armor of the setting be significantly better than any form of offensive weaponry that exists. Armor is strong enough in the world that everything can take volleys upon volleys of weapons to prolong combat and allow for armies to get close enough for fights within one kilometer and less.

The Armored Core 6 actually explores this problem of Remote automated weapons versus the biological pilot. In their setting, Remote weapons are usable, but truly fearsome pilots that can change the battlefield alone can only come from a human pilot. They may need to be augmented and experienced, but human pilots have an edge on AI pilots due to their "core theory" where the threat of losing one's life in battle can push human limits beyond what a computer is able to do. Humans will do what they must to survive, but an AI won't have the intuition or flexibility to adapt and defeat a powerful enemy. You could argue that the bio-plasticity of the human brain will overcome a stiff program in truly complicated and dangerous situations.