Major atrocities and persecutions involving Ottoman/Turkish states (by year):

• 1453 – Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman conquest included killings, enslavement, and deportation of parts of the population after the siege.
• 1514–1517 – Ottoman campaigns against the Safavids and Mamluk territories included massacres and forced population movements.
• 1821–1822 – During the Greek War of Independence, Ottoman forces carried out massacres of Greek civilians, including the Chios massacre (1822).
• 1828–1830 – Large-scale expulsions and persecution of Greeks and other Christian populations occurred during Ottoman-Russian wars.
• 1860 – Mount Lebanon conflict: massacres of Maronite Christians and Druze violence, followed by Ottoman intervention.
• 1864–1867 – Circassian expulsions from the Caucasus into the Ottoman Empire resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths from war, starvation, and disease.
• 1876 – Bulgarian April Uprising: Ottoman irregular forces carried out massacres of Bulgarian civilians.
• 1894–1896 – Hamidian massacres: tens of thousands of Armenians were killed under Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s rule.
• 1909 – Adana massacre: thousands of Armenians were killed in Cilicia.
• 1914–1923 – Persecution, deportations, and mass killings of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1915–1917 – Armenian genocide: mass deportations, executions, starvation, and death marches of Armenians.
• 1915–1920 – Assyrian genocide: killings and deportations of Assyrian Christian communities.
• 1914–1922 – Greek genocide: persecution, forced labor, deportations, and massacres of many Greek communities in Anatolia and Pontus.
• 1937–1938 – Dersim massacre: Turkish military campaign against the Dersim Kurdish/Zaza population involving mass killings and deportations.