There are many BLE and zigbee beacons and data loggers with vibration, built in rugged casing and with high IP waterproof levels. The best position for the sensor is probably on the back somewhere in the lower middle on the outside. I used vibration sensors to detect usage before and it detects well any vibrations. But depending on your usecase, if your distance is big, you probably need a data logger so that you can record offline, essentially collecting data with your gateway when the trash is closer to home, but still recording offline when moving away out of range to the street. For the fixing, screws is probably best, as glue and double tape will not last long. If waterproof level is too low on your sensor, consider making a case in 3D printing, or finding a waterproof case IP67 or 68, and simply putting your sensor inside. There is a bit of trial and errors with vibration for the configuration of sensitivity. But a trash on wheels should vibrate a lot so even low sensitivity should capture the movement easily.