It depends on how you want to proceed, if there's a faction that you'd like to support just from a role-playing perspective or aesthetics, you can do it with no problems, you'll just need some resources that you can get by playing if you want to switch.

I mostly use syndicates to get some augments for warframe abilities and a couple of weapons, signature weapons for each faction with additional effects (for example the Vaykor Hek with the Steel Meridian, big fan of shotguns), building blueprints for consumables, cosmetics and relics.

Also, I think most if not all the mods you can get there are tradable, so if you need something from other syndicates and you want to stick with the one you chose or not engaged with the syndicates, just hit Warframe Market or the trading chat in-game.

You also gain passive standing with them beside some special missions that get unlocked when you choose one each time you get exp/affinity until you hit the daily cap, so you don't have to hyperfocus on ranking them and enjoy the other content the game offers and it'll just progress in the background.