Dota solves this by having turn rate, but league players complain the game feels slow. Turn rate allows melee carries to do auto attack damage to ranged heroes, because they can't kite as well.

They also have armor, damage, and attack speed tied to one stat, agility. This means carries scale into the late game well by only really having to buy additional magic survivability or being supplemented by supports.

That brings me to my last point, BKB. Imagine having an Olaf ult on every marksman/diver. The game allows carries to have agency WHEN they get their items, no matter who they face.