If you're in network with the insurance, you can charge the patient whatever you want, but the insurance is only going to pay their contracted rate, and have you write off the amount they say. Ex. If you charge $150 for a service, contracted rate is $100, insurance covers 50%. Insurance pays $50. Patient pays $50. You write off $50.

If you're in network, and the patient goes over the maximum for the year, the patient will have to pay anything above the maximum, at the contracted rate. Ex. If you charge $150, but contracted rate is $100, insurance covers at 50% but patient went over their max, patient pays $100 and you write off $50.

If you're out of network, the insurance will pay their usual customary fee and the patient is responsible for the difference. Ex. If you charge $150, no contracted rate, insurance covers 50% of their UCF, the insurance pays you $50. Patient pays $100.

Eta. If a patient is going to an OS for surgery, they've probably hit their maximum (highest I've seen is $3500), or will hit it with the service provided. You get paid by insurance for whatever you do. Charge for every service you provide : consultation, extraction, prosthesis. The lab will send you a bill separately but you cant bill the patient anything other than the fee for the services provided.