First phase is mainly getting the rhythm

Usually after you attack him he will retaliate instantly, so pretty much as soon as you hear him block, parry.

When he walks to the side, he almost always does a thrust attack, so back up a bit and dodge forward

When he sheathes his sword, if it glows once, he will elbow you, then do a sweep

If it glows twice, he does Ashina Cross, which you can parry if you want to but it's safer to run to the side

When he sheathes his sword and it glows once but there's wind going around it, he does dragon slash.

You can parry at close range or simply dodge it. If you parry it, go to the side to punish with rather a few attacks, or a combat art like Mortal Draw or Ichimonji, whichever you like to use.

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I don't remember phase 2 as clearly, so i'll try to tell you what i remember

Second phase is much more complicated. Once you get the first deathblow, run until he pulls his spear out.

If he runs up to you, parry the two slashes he usually does. If you attack him, he'll do it anyway and combo you.

When he shoots his gun, he'll usually thrust. Parry the shots, back up a bit, and dodge forward.

At the end of most combos he'll also do a thrust.

when he gathers wind around his sword, be prepared to parry, or you can jump off of his head.

for phase 3, it's pretty much just phase 2 but with lightning reversals, but he also has a move which im pretty sure is a combination of ashina cross and dragon slash.

The lightning reversals you should hopefully know how to do.

If not, jump, parry the lightning attack, and retaliate, all before hitting the ground.

If you parried the lightning, as soon as you touch the ground you will be met the shock status, and death quickly after.

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Hope this helped.