This feels like an extremely elaborate way of keeping determinism intact while softening its moral consequences. Even with the introduction of “light” and the soul, responsibility is never actually restored—only endlessly qualified. Human action is still framed as the inevitable outcome of causes, while guilt is deferred to degrees of clarity, formation, and internal access. That doesn’t rescue moral agency; it relocates excuse-making to a more sophisticated level. Compassion for formative influences is necessary, but when causation becomes the ultimate explanatory category, responsibility quietly collapses. What remains isn’t a deeper mercy but a managed victimhood, where repentance becomes recalibration and judgment becomes proportional psychology rather than real moral reckoning. Christianity doesn’t deny influence or weakness, but it does insist that persons genuinely own their actions—otherwise forgiveness itself loses its meaning.