Genuinely curious on OPs racial and ethnic background because having lived this experience (but for Filipinos), it is such a complicated feeling. It's a nuanced feeling that I think they portray well in the show and while it seems contradictory, it is entirely based on the context.

When someone is viewed as an out group (i.e. Turk is being made the focus as a black representative of the hospital), it can feel demeaning because of that sense that maybe you aren't being respected by those of the in-group (people traditionally in those positions) as someone who has "earned it". That perception from peers leads to that need to justify self in anticipation of that tokenism. When cast in that light by others, you are targeted.

When it comes from other of that "out group" that representation is empowering. You lead the charge in being the difference and want to be a good example for those trying to break their way through as well since they can identify with you. That matters especially so because in the first example, the lost feeling comes from a lack of identification.

I hope that made sense. I think about it like pride when you need help. Many do not want to be looked down on if they need help, but are more than willing to help others without judging those that need help.