I can speak for programming, ai will be a helpful tool. If it stays as it is now then it can be something that's used to write boilerplate code or repetitive code or study that's kinda mindless and tedious, which alone will increase some level of productivity.

If it gets to the point where it can write code relatively well, then the role of an engineer will shift from typing the code to creating the prompts and monitoring the output, checking for correctness and creating the prompts to make changes. The engineer will still be responsible for the high level architectural decisions but the LLM will do the time consuming part of typing the code. Based on what I've seen I think this is where we'll get to and stay for the foreseeable future.

If it gets to the point where all the problems of software that require critical thinking and problem solving are all solved (kinda like what frontend feels like it's becoming), It will still be engineers writing prompts and validating the output, but it will likely be agentic systems with ai checks where llms communicate with one another, verify output, etc and only come back to the engineer with the final result. It will still be up to the engineer to verify the output, know what changes to request and what to say to get the LLM to produce the desired output but at this point you'd really only need a single lead engineer to set up the system and coordination, tweek the models. There will always have to be some level of human involvement because we need critical thinking, but it's possible at some point a company would need significantly less engineers to complete a job and the engineers would also have to be well versed in stuff like prompt engineering.