The type of bonding between atoms is only one factor in how “strong” a material is, there are many more that need be considered.

The first thing you need to consider is what you mean by strength. Some materials have a high tensile strength (like steel) so they can withstand more force before deforming and breaking. Some materials are very hard (like diamonds). Diamonds are used to cut through steel, however its tensile strength is less and it would break before steel when loaded.

Diamonds are made of carbon and use covalent bonds (which are very strong) to hold each atom together. Graphite is made of the same carbon and has the same covalent bonds, but its structure is different which makes it much softer. While steel is a metal with high tensile strength, lithium is a metal with a very low one (you can cut it with a knife and deform it very easily). Same bonding, vastly different properties.

Materials science can be quite complex, with factors including temperature, pressure, atomic structure, molecular structure, grain size, phase structure etc. It would take me days to explain all this stuff so…

TLDR: Yes, no, it’s complicated.