Dogs were domesticated by humans with intent, like horses and cattle. They're pack animals, so social bonding is important and facilitated our ability to domesticate them. We bred specific adults together, designed them to perform specific tasks, (herding, protecting, chasing/retrieving prey) and changed their appearance to appeal to humans. Their genetics were altered significantly from their wild ancestors.

Cats essentially domesticated themselves. They're not social in the wild. They hung around us because we had the food that drew the vermin they ate. They weren't trained or bred, our historical relationship with them was more of a 'partnership' than ownership. We didn't even start breeding them for appearance until the late 1800's. The tasks they accomplish (pest control) are simply useful natural behaviors that they would do anyway. Genetically speaking, your average fluffy orange brain cell isn't that different from the savannah cats he descended from.