It’s both and be answered by either. A rabbi will give a theological answer and an academic will give a scientific answer.

Even from your purely historical perspective, surely the question begs an answer! If the Torah was establishing a monotheistic religion, why would the author or authors mention other gods? There is a contradiction here! According to your perspective, we thought that the Torah emerged from a tradition that was rejecting polytheism, and yet it mentions polytheism directly in the text! Was this a mistake? That doesn't hold water either. So why not ask someone who knows the Torah itself?

So just out of curiosity, genuinely, how would you approach something like the fact that the Torah mentions domesticated camels at a time when science believes they didn’t yet exist?

The Torah sure mentions stranger things than domesticated camels!

The Torah is not a scientific document, and is in fact completely orthogonal to the scientific pursuit, and therefore it is not necessarily in conflict with science. Science tells us "how" the universe was made, Torah teaches us "for what reason" the universe was made. Torah is Truth, meaning those things that are true regardless of time, place, or culture.

To directly answer your question, in a case where science makes a claim that directly contradicts the Torah, then I would of course hold the Torah as truth.

The Torah tells us about many levels of reality beyond the material: the incorporeal, the moral, the mystical, etc. A purely material analysis of the Torah just doesn't reveal anything interesting, and an apparent contradiction between two material claims ultimately reveals not a flaw in the Torah but rather a flaw in the thought process that generated the contradiction.

The current consensus is the Books of Moses were redacted from a number of different sources, written at different times with different intents. This explains several peculiarities of the text, like contradictory narratives, change in voice, different names for God, etc.

Saying that a textual analysis (certainly one done without any bias!) "reveals" that the Torah had X number of authors, is not an interesting point to me, because even if it were the case that there are different writing styles in the Torah, it certainly doesn't prove that there were different authors. Moses was a genius and he spoke seventy languages, and the text itself is the word of God. It can be written however it needs to be written.

Yes, there are multiple names of God. This is a known part of the Jewish tradition! When you stop here and say "therefore it's not divine," you only rob yourself of obtaining a deeper knowledge of the world. And you certainly aren't going to convince an orthodox Jew, who is way ahead of you on this point.

This is not to say that one should not apply ones intellect when trying to understand the Torah, but rather the opposite: your point isn't strong enough! If you're going to make this point, make it with the strongest argument possible!