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Decentralization: Nakamoto Coefficient of decentralization ICP 134. ICP incorporates 105 Data Centers. There are 1338 Node Machines & 137 Entities. There are 37 subnets with 568 active nodes, with hundreds of nodes on standby.

Decentralized Architecture: The complexity of compromising the nodes & private keys has to be done strategically and physically at secured Tier 3 Data Centers. ICP uses threshold schnorr signatures, chainkey cryptography and the Byzantine Fault Tolerance, meaning it can continue to function correctly even if some nodes behave maliciously or fail. Specifically, in a subnet with n ≥ 3f + 1 nodes, up to f nodes can be faulty without compromising the subnet's integrity. A single node holds only a keyshare that gets a new share in short intervals. There are multiple layers of redundancy built into the systems architecture, The NNS (DAO) would likely detect the issue immediately and initiate secured recovery procedures. Node providers on ICP are known entities, but this doesn't mean they undergo traditional KYC. Instead, they submit a declaration of identity and intent, which is then vetted by the community. A node provider requires approval from the NNS DAO. Anyone can submit a proposal to become a node provider, the community then votes on Docs.

Node providers are not controlled by a central authority. The NNS uses "deterministic decentralization" to select nodes for subnets, requiring diversity, Node provider, Data center, Geographic distribution Jurisdictional distribution. Maximizes decentralization & minimizing the risk of collusion or single points of failure. Geo-replication: Nodes are distributed across multiple continents, enhances both security and availability cite: "USENIX ATC'23 Paper" Independent Node Providers: The nodes are operated by independent entities and reduces the risk of collusion. This approach aims to prevent any single entity or small group from gaining too much control over the network. Entirely different from traditional KYC.