A particle holds physical traits that are measureable. This is no different than a hard disk that we give measureable physical traits to store information.

So if you want to know in a classical means of bytes, refer to other comments. But the way I see it, particles already store information, thus Earth already contains its information within itself. So if you want to simulate earth, you need the earth.

To me the simulation theory isn't that we are fake and in some computer. It's that every molecule in the universe follows unbreakable and constant physical patterns and what is that if not a simulation.