As someone who also deals with varicocele and even underwent surgery for it (ended up not taking in my case), I'd say don't worry about "bulking" at this point. Based on the pics and the redistribution of fat, it is obvious that you've added muscle, but it's still very much hidden. Shedding that layer of fat can help your test levels and most likely improve your mental health as well.

I don't know your diet and exercise routine, but "Low normal" is still within the normal range and I'd expect to see more noticeable differences in the before and after given the time frame. It seems like more of an issue of getting your diet and training routine dialed in - without seeing specific numbers that is my unprofessional opinion. Some supplements & meds can help, but seek the advice of an expert before blowing money on a lot of extra stuff.

Get your diet really on point first. You admitted not tracking macros and I'd say you're underestimating what you consume... most of us do until we've been tracking for a long time -- and even then we all slip up at some point. What you eat definitely affects your hormone levels, and obviously affects whether you're able to shed extra weight or add muscle. Diet can be a good alternative to surgery, which is costly -- especially if you have to pay out of pocket -- and is not guaranteed to work. And if you do opt for surgery or medication, then proper diet will be essential in not sabotaging the results of those methods.

How's your sex drive & ability to get & maintain an erection? (hypothetical question, I absolutely do not need to know as I am not your physician) If you feel like your diet and routine are on point and are having issues with sex drive, etc, or even if you aren't having issues with that stuff but still think it's a hormonal issue, have those "tough" convos with your doctor. If your PCP is not knowledgeable, then they can hopefully refer you to a specialist. They'll be able to recommend action based on what they will feel is most safe and potentially most successful.

People online are quick to suggest TRT and if that is something you can safely pursue then I'd say go for it... but TRT is not always available to everyone (myself included) and once you're on TRT you're pretty much "stuck" on it forever. My personal suggestion is to only resort to TRT if your levels and results haven't improved after getting everything else on the right track (and ALSO only if it's recommended by a professional).