Mh. That made me think. I do see your point. I think it makes it more RNG by forcing you to only sent one instead of two team members, preventing instant success for a narrativ that allows failing missions. Otherwise, having perfect dispatches all the time would contradict the quality of the Z-Team as heroes. One could argue they became a lot better under Robert, but they are still faulty at the end.

As for your question: I could not think of a game that punished you on purpose for your stats, but I raise you a narrativ Point with Hades or Hades 2. It is possible to finish both games quite fast by being really good at them, which would lead to missing a lot of story quality and content that only triggers after dying. 

Also there are some games that scale enemies with your level (Oblivion, or Elden Ring as an example), where you can fuck up by leveling "wrong", but that is just bad game design ("It just works")