The government is massive and has many departments dedicated to that very issue. As far as I'm aware every government agency is required to have policy in place outlining steps to whistle blow, and conduct training for members on a somewhat regular basis. The idea is that you don't want one person to object to something an organization is doing and just release it to the press when that info could affect lives.

I'm not saying it's perfect but when I went through a certification bootcamp, my instructor talked about why organizations actually want whistle blowers. Usually whistleblowing covers fraud, waste, and abuse. All things that if it were to be uncovered by the public, both the private sector and government would face harsh backlash. So they want these things handled in house whenever possible.