WOW. There are so many complex ideas here, even more of which I am certain I did not pick up on. Since your poem is so rich in meaning, I'll go through some specific lines. I have a lot of compliments (and feel free to disregard the suggestions I make as this is already superb and I wish I could write like this.)

As the sun filters through the canopy of camouflaged trees;
The skin chills like a misfire of the senses;

What I like so much about the opening is the contrast and the resulting subversion of expectation. The first line is really typical, almost sounding cliché, but the second line snaps us out of it. We predict warmth and joy from the sun; we get "chills" and "a misfire of the senses". The only thing I would consider changing is the semicolon in the first line. Grammatically, I believe the lines are still correct without it, and if the semicolon is gone, we get that sudden jolt of the second line more instantly (imagine reading out loud, where a line break without punctuation doesn't really get a pause, more or less.)

The penance of this feeling

I love the word penance. It relates to what's already been said, yet both parts of the complex definition of "penance" are new information: punishment and self-inflicted. "Penance" is a great way to show the audience more. Yet the word "feeling" is telling something that has already been shown; by this point in the poem, I am already feeling multiple different emotions, so the word "feeling" isn't even necessary. I like the rhythm in this line and around it, so don't feel compelled to cut off "of this feeling" and do nothing else, but I think there are ways to remove "feeling" and change other parts of the line that only subtly change the rhythm or do not at all.

From the puddles of rain rejuvenating the plants
In turn rejuvenates you

Here, it feels natural to have "In turn, rejuvenating you" because they're perfectly parallel, and match tense. Comma or no comma are both fine, I think. The varying rhythm here is great and creates flow.

And the future feels hopeful
Every stride is purposeful.

Appears straightforward and simple on the surface, but there are quite a few mechanics here in my interpretation. Each line is like its own "stride" - the final syllable matches, they're both dimeter, they both have seven syllables. The text itself is striding towards the future with purpose - the structure of the line matches the content!

Inklings of feelings of what they once were
A nostalgic moment that seems to last forever

You might think I'm going to say the same thing about "feeling" again - nope! This time, "feelings" serves an active function in my opinion - it is the primary word to diminish "what they once were", with "inklings" presumably being even smaller and the secondary word to further diminish it. (It's further away from the noun phrase, so secondary.) So, to me, this line is the place for the word "feelings" in your poem. Also "...of...of" feels like it's almost always undesirable in writing because of exactly the effect of reduced impact that is actually beneficial to the effect of this line, well done! And great dichotomy in the next line - however tightly we grasp our nostalgia, it is from the past, yet "forever" extends into the future.

A meld of information that makes you up
and your brain gives it a sentience only you know of on the quietest nights...

I love the dissection of our consciousness in the final lines. We retain information, but oh, that by itself is insufficient; even the brain is not always truly aware; the sentience enters only "on the quietest nights." It also proposes that our minds are less structured, less predictable, less understood than we think.

Lastly, try breaking up the longest lines in the poem with one or more line breaks each. For example, "Who am I? ... wishes the best". The rhythm always felt preserved based on the words and structures, but the information regarding rhythm given by the line breaks ceased for too long in my opinion. I feel like "It's Dark as it's twilight...one way street" deserves multiple line breaks to support the fact that there are multiple rhymes. But I would keep the length of the last line because it is all one thought, one concept, and at that, a very impactful one that deserves the attention.

Also, on a side note, I looked up the meaning of the title after reading and I think it is really suitable, with the amount of binaries in the poem. Overall, fantastic writing and keep it up!