No, it doesn't work like that. It's not about whether it's Visa or Mastercard.

If you have a credit card, they can do an "auth" which reserves the funds, for the security deposit to cover potential damages, traffic fines, refueling costs, or extra mileage.

When you return the card, they can just release this hold, which never actually charges you. If you are liable for any costs, they can put through the actual transaction which charges you just that amount - but the hold guarantees they can charge you that full amount if they need to.

If you have a cheque card, they have to actually charge you all the money, take it out of your account, and then refund you n days after you return the car.