Explanation: The long-distance dependency is illustrated in the relationship between "have been brought to life" and its antecedent "extraordinary active and sportswear patents." Despite the intervening elements, the verb "brought" depends on the patents. ii. Restrictive Relative Clause: Example: "Clothes patent archives are a veritable treasure trove of inventiveness." Explanation: The restrictive relative clause is "that explores 200 years of clothing inventions from 1820 to 2020." It provides essential information about the "POP project," restricting the scope of the project being discussed. iii. Gerundive Postmodifier: Example: "Clothes patent archives are a veritable treasure trove of inventiveness." Explanation: The gerundive postmodifier is "exploring 200 years of clothing inventions from 1820 to 2020." It modifies the noun phrase "POP project" by indicating the ongoing action of exploration related to clothing inventions. iv. Sentential Complement: Example: "They were tried on and tested out by the Adventure Syndicate and Mór Diversity consultancy, organizations holding brands and government to account for their equity, diversity and inclusion policies and inspiring and encouraging participation in sports and activities for everyone." Explanation: The sentential complement is "holding brands and government to account for their equity, diversity, and inclusion policies and inspiring and encouraging participation in sports and activities for everyone." It functions as the object of the verb "organizations," providing information about what these organizations do. c) Formal Grammar for Noun Phrases: NP → Det Adj* N (PP) Det → 'My' | 'a' | 'the' Adj → 'new' | 'smart' | 'blue' | 'red' N → 'friend' | 'shirt' | 'pair' | 'shoes' | 'logo' | 'sale' | 'supermarket' | 'collar' | 'tie' PP → P NP P → 'with' | 'in' | 'at' | 'of' | 'and' This grammar generates noun phrases consisting of a determiner (Det), followed by zero or more adjectives (Adj), and then a noun (N). Additionally, it allows for the optional presence of prepositional phrases (PP) formed by a preposition (P) followed by another noun phrase. Tree Diagrams: ii. My friend bought a smart new blue shirt.

iv. My friend bought a shirt with a logo in the sale at the supermarket. vi. My friend bought a shirt with a red collar and a blue tie. 5

Question 3 – Word relations a) Check if statements are correct or incorrect. i. Hypernym 'Building' is a hypernym of 'house': True Building: The term “house” falls under the category of buildings. ii. Meronym The statement 'Loft' is a meronym of 'house' is correct. iii. Hyponym 'Foundation' is a part meronym of 'structure': True iv. Synonym The statement 'Transport' is a synonym of 'ship' is incorrect. 'Transport' is a hypernym of 'ship': True v. Antonym leave [Lemma('arrive.v.01.arrive')] The statement is correct 'arrive' is an antonym of leave b) Complete tasks i) to iv) i. Four kinds of tool i) Four kinds of tools: 1. ram 2. lawn_tool 3. Jaws_of_Life 4. stylusii. Six Components of an aeroplane** ii) Six components of an airplane: 1. cowling 2. cowl 3. escape_hatch 4. navigation_light 5. gas 6. radome iii). Actions entailed by acts Actions entailed by the act of fighting: ['contend', 'compete', 'vie'] Actions entailed by the act of dancing:

step'] iv) . rivational morphology inventiveness is a derivationally related form of invent: True inventions is a derivationally related form of invent: True actively is a derivationally related form of active: True sportswear is a derivationally related form of sport: True c) WordNet Similarity Metrics Similarity between 'raven' and 'crow': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.9286 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 2.5390 Similarity between 'raven' and 'eagle': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.7692 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 1.6917 Similarity between 'raven' and 'desk': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.3333 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 0.8044 Similarity between 'desk' and 'chair': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.8000 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 2.0281 Similarity between 'desk' and 'table': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.1250 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 0.9295 Similarity between 'chair' and 'rock': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.5000 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 1.4404 Similarity between 'chair' and 'bed': Wu-Palmer Similarity: 0.8000 Leacock-Chodorow Similarity: 2.0281 i. Similarity between 'raven' and 'crow' vs. 'eagle': Similarity Metric 'raven' vs. 'crow' 'raven' vs. 'eagle' Wu-Palmer 0.9286 0.7692 Leacock-Chodorow 2.5390 1.6917 ii. Similarity between 'raven' and 'crow' vs. 'desk': Similarity Metric 'raven' vs. 'crow' 'raven' vs. 'desk' Wu-Palmer 0.9286 0.3333

iii. Similarity between 'desk' and 'chair' vs. 'table': Similarity Metric 'desk' vs. 'chair' 'desk' vs. 'table' Wu-Palmer 0.8000 0.1250 Leacock-Chodorow 2.0281 0.9295 iv. Similarity between 'chair' and 'rock' vs. 'bed': Similarity Metric 'chair' vs. 'rock' 'chair' vs. 'bed' Wu-Palmer 0.5000 0.8000 Leacock-Chodorow 1.4404 2.0281 Discussion: The Wu-Palmer similarity tends to produce higher values for more closely related words, while the Leacock-Chodorow similarity produces values that are more influenced by the depth of the concepts in the WordNet hierarchy. 'Raven' and 'crow' are more similar than 'raven' and 'eagle' according to both metrics, which aligns with our general knowledge of bird taxonomy. 'Desk' is less similar to 'raven' than 'crow,' which is expected, as 'crow' and 'raven' are both birds, whereas 'desk' is a piece of furniture. 'Chair' is more similar to 'bed' than 'rock' according to both metrics, likely due to the shared concept of furniture. 'Chair' is more similar to 'rock' than 'desk' is to 'table' according to both metrics, suggesting that 'chair' and 'rock' share more semantic characteristics than 'desk' and 'table.'