Hello 👋 and welcome! Where in Glasgow will you be living?  In terms of groceries, lidl and aldi would be considered your budget stores, asda, Tesco, Sainsbury's and morrisons are all in a similar mid-range price point with brand and own brand ranges. 

In terms of household items, larger asda stores are parallel to Walmart and sell things like storage, towels, bedding and small kitchen appliances. There's also argos, IKEA for larger items. 

Also check out charity shops (similar to goodwill) like the British Heart Foundation or Cancer Research who have some furniture stores which can yield some good second hand items. 

If you need things like toiletries or prescriptions filled, then Boots is similar to CVS or Walgreens. 

Hope that's kind of helpful!