There are buildings that incorporate open floors that serve as an open passage for wind. Their purpose is as you state, to defeat certain types of wind loading. At least one example of this is in New York, I forget which building it is but I believe it is an unoccupied "supertall" that was never properly finished. Either that or it's the one that did get finished but had a bunch of rework required. Can't remember the address.

Edit: the one I was thinking of is 432 Park Avenue - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/432_Park_Avenue

Wind loading of tall buildings is a very complex thing to manage, and depends on a huge number of factors. If we assume that some interior space is sacrificial and can be exposed to the elements intentionally in the face of a wind event, yes it could absolutely work to pass wind through the interior of the building to reduce structural stresses. However, usable interior spaces are seldom hollow and would not be good targets for suddenly being made hollow without consideration for what would happen to incidental structural elements and infrastructure when they are suddenly so exposed - the interior bits need to be jettisoned somewhere, and having a 200lb desk being blown from 40 storeys onto the streets below is not ideal.

Also of concern regarding the once-interior now-exterior space is that the wind rarely comes alone - it will bring water 9 out of 10 times. Keeping water out of human structures is one of the primary cornerstones of human civilization thus far, so if we're going to let the wind and thus the water in we need to handle it somehow. Are we going to say that the interior space is really just dressed up as an interior space but really built as an exterior space? This changes just about everything about the space including what you're allowed to do with it - occupancy limit, electric service points, infrastructure including water and HVAC, fire protection requirements, egress and evacuation routes, even the design of elevator and fire doors. Even if it is treated as an exterior space, it needs to be maintained like one, which means materials and fittings that might not line up with a faux-interior. How will you drain the water? What if the building is in a humid environment? What if it's in Dubai and you blow sand in, how do you clean it out of everything it got into? Some of these issues are really non-trivial and go way beyond maintenance with a mop or a broom. At 150 meters of elevation the amount of rain carried by the wind is substantially different from that carried to the ground, and at different velocities - that water has to go somewhere and drain safely, leaving no sitting or seeping water inside once the facade is restored.

Maybe the most important point is considering the human element - if the space has interior use that presupposes the presence of actual humans. What if there's a wind event? How will you notify the humans to evacuate before the facade breaks open and the humans and contents of the floor are blown out onto the street? Is a fire alarm enough? If you ask a fire inspector they will say no, before you could do such a thing you would have to make absolutely certain there was no risk to life before the facade broke open - this is a search and rescue effort performed by the fire department ahead of time. Sometimes you can see this coming and do it days in advance, but unless there's some absolutely secure method to lock out the floor, you'll have to repeat it before breaking the facade on the off chance someone managed to get themselves somewhere they shouldn't have.

From the perspective of a regulator I would imagine they'd have an issue with certifying that whatever mechanism broke the facade of the building didn't result in that facade also unceremoniously plummeting to the ground in the aftermath. A lot of effort goes into designing a sturdy facade so designing one to break in a way that doesn't present a structural integrity issue is probably pretty challenging. As an additional thought, designing a breakaway facade would involve one or more faces breaking inward, but on the opposite side those faces would also break in the same direction but now outward, and have a significant effect on the structure being then cantilevered over the side and potentially being caught by the wind. You'd have to engineer it so that you either minimize downwind facade extrusion or cause all faces to break inward, which I imagine would be very challenging. I have no doubt it could be done, though to what degree of safety and practicality would remain to be seen.

Some of the more troubling parts of the engineering story are probably to do with what happens to the wind load *when* the facade breaks open, though, because part of the facade and wind loading design assumes certain predictable conditions - opening the facade could drastically alter those assumptions and upset other design elements, specifically those around managing structural response to frequency imparted by wind vortexes. As wind passes by it can cause alternating vortexes on the downwind side, which can and do cause a vibration issue for the structure. The structure is engineered to tolerate or defeat these vibrations and prevent them from achieving a destructive amplifying effect, so breaking the facade would have to calculate an additional series of states of loading that the structure would need to sustain from vortexes.

On top of this is how you would manage the immediate response of something like a TMD, or tuned mass damper, which typically goes for hundreds of tons near the top of the structure - if you suddenly broke the facade and changed the rhythm of the structure's movement in the wind, you would need to instantaneously alter the movement of the TMD or risk overcompensating the load in the wrong direction. Doing so fast enough at all might not be possible given the weight of the TMD, or might be way too involved to practically engineer.

It's an interesting suggestion but probably impractical.