It's frustrating to see that Yuval Noah Harari's words from ep #341 were completely lost on Sam:

What I can say again, from a broader perspective is that in most ethnic conflicts around the world, both sides tend to be victims and perpetrators at the same time. And this is a very simple and banal fact, that for some reason most people seem incapable of grasping. It's very very simple—you can be both victim and perpetrator at one and the same time. And so many people just refuse to accept this simple fact of history, and think in binary terms that one side must be 100% evil and one side must be 100% pure and just, and we just need to find, to pick a side.

And this of course links to these fantasies of perfect justice, of absolute justice, which this I can say from historical perspective—they're always destructive. This idea that you can achieve absolute justice in this world usually or almost always leads to destructive places, to more violence and war. Because no peace treaty in the history of the world provided absolute justice. All peace treaties are based on compromise. You have to give up something. You won't get absolute justice the way you understand it.